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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name three roles of protein in the body, including the function of antibodies.
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Three roles of protein in the body are
a.) Antibodies b.) Hormones Sterols Thyroid hormone Insulin c.) Transport Proteins Transport Nutrients and other molecules Hemoglobin Lipoproteins d.) growth, maintenance and repair of tissue (protein turnover) d.) Provide energy and glucose 10-15% of daily energy when glucose and fatty acid are limited, body will sacrifice protein to supply energy. e.) Enzymes f.) Electrolyte balance g.) Acid base balance. Functions of ab`s Act against viruses, bacteria and other disease agents Decreased protein means decreased resistence to disease |
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What is a limiting amino acid, and what does it limit?
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An essential amino acid that is present in dietary protein in the shortest supply relative to the amount needed for protein synthesis in the body.
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How many essential amino acids do we need from our diet? How are the others manufactured?
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We need 9 essential amino acids plus nitrogen making material and energy for the synthesis of others from our diet. The others are manufactured in whole by the body/liver.
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How do we calculate an adult’s protein needs?
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By multiplying .8 grams of high quality protein that is digestable for every 2.2 pounds of healthy body weight.
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5. Name two characteristics of Kwashiorkor and Marasmus, and who they are commonly seen in.
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Kwashiorkor-Swollen belly and skin rash acute protein deficiency
Marasmus-shriveled and emaciated from lack of energy foods. These conditions are commonly seen in Protein or energy malnutrition common in impoverished people in urban areas or third world countries. The U.S. is an example of an anorexia or nutrition imbalance |
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Define complete protein. What types of foods are usually complete proteins? Name one exception.
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A complete protein is a substance that contains all of the nine essential amino acids. Most meats and milk contain complete proteins. Exceptions to this would be gelatin from animal protein along with vegetables.
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Give three examples of people in negative nitrogen balance.
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Starving, suffering from severe stesses like burns, injuries, infections, and fever, their nitrogen output exceeds their nitrogen intake. This is because the body is degrading more than it synthesizes and loses protein.
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Proteins are chemically different than carbohydrates and fats in that
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They contain Nitrogen
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The basic building block for proteins are
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Amino Acids
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Enzymes are proteins that among other things
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Help assemble dissacharides into Starch, Cellulose or glycogen
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Functions of proteins in the body include
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Serving as structural components, supplying hormones to regulate body processes , electrolyte balance
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The swelling of body tissues by the leakage of fluid from the blood vessels in the intercellular spaces is called
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edema
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Major proteins in the blood that protect against bacteria and other disease agents are called
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antibodies
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Marasmus can be distinguished from Kwashiorkor in that
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Marasmus is a wasting away of body fat and muscle represented by malnutrition of energy rich food while Kwashiorkor is a result of a significant lack of protein causing fatty liver, facial and abd edema.
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The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of protein is
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.8 oz for every 2.2 pounds or average body weight for height.
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From which foods are proteins derived from
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Milk, Meat
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An incomplete protein lacks one or more
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of the 9 essential Amino Acids
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