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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Water mainly is in two parts of the body... |
Extracellular- In cells Intracellular fluids - Intersticial = Between Cells = Spinal Fluids Inner vascular = Blood |
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Functions of water are... |
Temperature Regulation Solvent for Biochemicals Lubrication Hydrolysis reactions |
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Temperature Regulation by water is done to |
Metabolic reactions create heat
Lose a lot by radiation as well as evaporation |
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Heat loss of water by skin |
20-30 ml/hr which is about 12-18 kcal/hour |
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Key parts of water balance is... |
Osmosis = The abundant solvent side will go to the solute side |
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Water balance intake |
Fluids (the most), Foods, metabolism |
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Water balance losses |
Kidney (varieable and REGULATED!!!!) Feces Lungs Skin ( The most) |
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Water AI |
3.7 L/d for males 2.7 L/d for females |
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Osmotic pressure changes as a result of... |
Mouth/pharynx dehydration = Thirst Hypothalamus = Thirst in brain and ADH Kidney = Blood pressure/Na retention/Water retention |
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Dehydration leads to |
- Loss of extracellular and intracellular fluid and increase osmotic pressure - Kidneys raise both kinds of fluids |
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How is blood affected by Renin-Angiotensin System? |
4. Blood vessel constriction by angiotensin 2 = increased blood pressure |
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True or false: Thirst is a good indicator of dehydration |
FALSE!!!! First step of being dehydrated |
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Moderate amounts of dehydration are |
Tingling in arms, lagging pace, flushed skin |
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Dehydration causes include |
Diarrhea/vomitting Diabetes insipidus (ADH deficiency) Excessive perspiration Diuretics |
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Major cation electrolytes in intracellular fluids |
Potassium Magnesium |
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Major Anions electrolytes in in intracellular fluids |
Phosphate Sulfate |
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Major cations electrolytes in extracellular fluids |
Sodium Calcium |
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Major anions in extracellular fluids |
Chloride Bicarbonate |
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Sodium functions |
Water Balance Acid/base balance Conduction of nerve impulse (Polarity) Glucose and other nutrient absorption |
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Sodium Balance |
100% absorption rate 98% conserved b kidney |
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Sodium AI |
1.5 g/d |
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Sodium UL |
2.3 g/d |
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Aldosterone results in... |
Sodium and water retention |
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ADH results in |
More water absoprtion |
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Increased sodium intake can result in |
Hypertension Hypernatemia Increased blood volume Increased blood pressure Genetic component relationship between Na and Blood Pressure |
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Potassium Functions |
Fluid balance Muscle Contraction Nerve Impulse Contraction |
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Potassium Balance |
Larger Sweat losses Not as well conserved as salt |
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Potassium AI |
4.7 g/d |
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Potassium Deficiency |
Hypokalemia! - Muscle weakness - Heart irregularities |
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Sodium Potassium Pump |
1. ATP and 3 sodium ions bind to sites 2. ATP breaks down ADP and P, releasing energy 3. 3 Sodium ions diffuse away 4. Transport protein reverts to original shape |
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Chloride functions |
Acid base balance HCl in stomach |
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Chloride AI |
2.3 g/d |
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Chloride UL |
3.6 g/d |
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Chloride food source |
Sea salt |