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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Back in the day (hundreds of years) diabetes was treated with?
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blood leading, when they would reduce blood. Also, they would starve the people causing many deaths of starvation and increased blood sugars leading to increased weight loss.
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Exchange lists
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same basic principles even after being updated. 1 starch exchange = 15 gram of carb. (fruit) = 80 calories?
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Dieticians will have individualized what?
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diets for different people and suggest a diabetes education class for learning about testing and dieting etc.
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Type 1 diabetes
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pancreatic cells
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People with diabetes go to the doctors
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every 3 months to stay on track
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Glucose fasting tests must
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have 8 hours with out any food, 12 hours for trygliceride -testing
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best time for a person with diabetes to exercise is
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30-60 minutes after eating
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Gyclocerated hemoglobin (or something similar)
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have blood work done, accumulative of all blood sugar averages to adjust medication
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Pregnant women with gestational diabetes
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need to monitor their blood glucose
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Macro Sonia
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baby growing to large : big concern with gestational diabetes
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Differences between gestational diabetes and reg
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gestational is during pregnancy and goes away once baby is born. Test is done after 20 week
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When dealing with patients who have diabetes
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diet is the most difficult part of controlling this disease
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Nurse is important because
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they have to determine if the problem is based on lack of knowledge or lack of motivation
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carbohydrate counting system
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most people who have insulin pumps follow this plan.
Advantages: gives more food choices, helps patent feel better, improves blood glucose levels Disadvantages: must keep lots of records, more blood glucose checks, llots of Calculations |
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Patient
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different focus than well person
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durable power of attorney
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legal document which one competent adult can authorize decisions for another competent adult when they are not capable themselves
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5 steps of nutritional care process
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assesment, analysis, planning, implement, evaluate
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BMI
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body mass index
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physician
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primary care of patient
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if mother doesnt gain enough weight
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then baby is suspectable to intrauterine growth retardation
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gain how much during preg.?
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25-35 pounds
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after 1st trimester...
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ass 300 cal.day to diet
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folate is important because
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linked to neurotube dfects. 400 micrograms/day before pregnancy
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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affects cognitive and behavior functions, children dont grow properly, large base, small head
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no smoking
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low birth weight, SIDS, prematurity
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cravings for nonfood substances
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pipa
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breast feed for how long
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1 year
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breast milk is superios to bottle because of?
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immunological protection and made for baby digestive system..
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Premature babies
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low birth weight, increased risk for respitory problems, babies have not been able to benefit from mom as long so inadequate bone calcification
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first cereal to babies
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rice
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babies first food items?
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plain not mixtures to help detect allergies
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bottles in bed?
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none until 6 months, only wate from 6 months-1 year to prevent baby bottle tooth decay
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tak bottle away
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gradually
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limit juice/milk intake...
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because it can replace iron rich foods and can promote anemia in children (low hemoglobin), also affecting childs ability to learn
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Pregnant women and children can become constipated with to much iron
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take in prune juice and prunes
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milk until age 2?
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WHOLE MILK! Brain and nervous system need it
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if 2 successive trips to the doctor show growth is going down
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child maybe experiencing "failure to thrive"
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once child is ready for school
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teach child nutrition information to make better choices when not at home
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child age 7-12
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increased needs for protein, calcium, iron, zinc
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rda’s are supposed to provide 1/3 needed amount at?
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school
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choking can be a problem for children under age 4
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Don’t run around while eating, or with foods that have sticks, hot dogs, peanut butter, grapes, raw carrots / celery, popcorn, nuts
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lead can be found in
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soil and imported toy jewelry, and spices or home remedies
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lead dust can be carried
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home from work on clothes
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teenage years
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back to eating pattern of eating every 2 hours, teen will wake up to eat
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- person who is 80 and older
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encourage exercise and stregth training to improve muscle tone and stamina
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- make gradual change so lifestyle to include
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exercise in time management
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- food stamp program now uses
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electronic transfer cards
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- meals on wheels
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provides meals to adults who are 60 years or older
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- food bank (emergency food pantry)
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bag of donated foods
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- Emergency is
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something that is not routine
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- soup kitchen
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offers free meals to homeless people
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Endometrium
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mucous membrane of the uterus
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Hemodilution
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dilution of the blood
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Small for gesational age (sga)
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having a lower birth weight than expected for the length of gestation
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Low birth weight
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weighing less than 5.5 pounds at birth
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Teratogen
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an agent capable of producing a malformation or a defect in the unborn fetus
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Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
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a sudden rise in arterial blood pressure accompanied by rapid weight gain and marked edema during pregnancy; formerly known as taxemia of pregnancy
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Gestational Diabetes mellitus
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a form of diabetes occurring during pregnancy, most commonly after the 20th week
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Hypermesis gravidarum
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severe and unrelenting vomiting in the second trimester or vomiting that severely interferes with the mother’s life; a serious condition usually requiring intravenous replacement of nutrients and fluids
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Oxytocin
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a hormone that initiates uterine contractions of labor and has a role in the ejection of milk in lactation
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Prolactin
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a hormone responsible for milk synthesis
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Colostrum
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the fluid secreted from the breast during late pregnancy and the first few days postpartum
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Galactosemia
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an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in an inability to metabolize
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Feeding relationship
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the interactions or patterns of behaviors that surround food preparation and consumption within a family
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Asthma
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a chronic respatory disorder characterized by air obstruction from excessive mucus production and respiratory mucosa edema
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Food Allergy
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the overreaction to a food protein or other large molecule that produces an immune response
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Anaphylaxis
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a severe immune system response to an allergen
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Food tolerance
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an adverse reaction to a food that does not involve the immune system
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Medical nutritional therapy
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the use of specific nutrition services to treat an illness injury, or condition
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Senescence
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older adulthood
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Nocturia
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excessive urination at night
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Menopause
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the end of menstruation because of the cessation of ovarian and follicular function
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Premenopause
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the time before menopause during which hormonal, biologic, and clinical charges begin to occur
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Nutritional risk
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the potential to become malnourished because of primary or secondary factors
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Medical nutrition therapy
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definition may be dictated by state laws that license registered dieticians but typically this involves provision of nutrient, dietary, and nutrition education needs by RDs based on a comprehensive nutritional assessment
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Iatrogenic
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inadvertently caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures
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Hypermetabolic
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elevated metabolic rate
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Diagnostic related groups
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classifications used to determines Medicare payments for inpatient care, based on primary and secondary diagnosis, primary and secondary procedures, age, and length of hospitalization
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Comprehensive nutritional assessment
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a procedure conducted by dietetic professionals to determine appropriate medical nutrition therapy based on the identified needs of the patient
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Recumbent measures
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measurements taken while the subject is lying down or reclining
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Body mass index
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a measure that describes relative weight for height and is significantly correlated with total body fat content
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Visceral protein
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protein contained in the internal organ
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Somatic protein stores
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proteins in skeletal muscle
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Nutritional support
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although commonly used in reference to enteral and parenteral nutrition delivery systems
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Diet manual
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the reference that describes the rationale and indications for using a specific
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diet colonoscopic examination
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examination of the mucosal lining of the colon using a colonscope
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Barium enema
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rectal infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium to diagnose obstruction, tumors, or other abnormalities
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Paralytic ileys
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decrease in or absence of intestinal peristalsis
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Dysphagia
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the inability t swallow normally or freely or to transfer liquid or solid foods from the oral cavity to the stomach
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Component pureeing
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each food item is pureed separately, then presented in a manner that resembles the orginal product.
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Edentulous
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toothless
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Enteral nutrition
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administration of nourishment via the GI tract
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Osmolality
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concentration of electrically charged particles per kilogram of solution
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Polymeric formulas
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solutions that provide intact nutrients that require a normally functioning GI tract
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Isptonic
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having the same concentration of solute as another solution
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Hypertonic
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having a greater concentration of solute than another solution
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Hypercaloric
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more than one kcalorie per ml
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Elemental formulas
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solutions that provide ready-to-absorb basic nutrients
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Percutaneous endoscopic placement PEG
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placing feeding tube into stomach via that esophagus and then drawing it through the abdominal skin using a stab incision
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Osmotic diarrhea
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diarrhea associated water retention in large intestine resulting from an accumulation of nonabsorbable water-soluble solutes
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Parenteral Nutrition
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administration of nutrients by a route other than the GI tract
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Intensive therapy
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consists of administration of insulin more than 3x daily with dosage adjusted according to results of self-monitoring of blood glucose performed at least four times daily
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Conventional therapy
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- consists of one of two daily injections of insulin, daily self monitoring of urine or blood glucose, and education about diet or exercise
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Polyphagia
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excessive hunger or eating
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Polyuria
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excessive urination
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Polydipsia
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excessive thirst
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Fasting blood glucose
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- level of blood circulating inj blood serum after an 8 hour fast
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Glycosylated hemoglobin
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a substance formed when hemoglobin combines with some of the glucose in the bloodstream
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Acanthosis nicricans
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hyper pigmentation and thickening of skin into velvety irregular folds in the neck and flexural areas
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