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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cells are organized into tissues that perform specialized tasks and tissues, in turn, are grouped together to form whole organs. |
true |
|
Body fluids supply the tissues continuously with energy, oxygen, and nutrients, including water. |
true |
|
Timing of meals if important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at certain times. |
false |
|
Some nutrients are stored in the body in smaller quantities than others are. |
true |
|
Some vitamins are sored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels. |
true |
|
Cells can best be described as: |
self-contained living entities. |
|
Among he cells' most basic needs are _______ and the oxygen with which to burn it. |
energy |
|
The first principle of diet planning is that the foods we choose must provide energy and essential nutrients, including: |
water |
|
Which of the following determines the nature of the cell's work? |
genes |
|
Cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves every: |
3 days |
|
Which of the following cells normally replace themselves once every few years? |
muscle |
|
Which of the following types of cells do not reproduce, and if damaged by injury or disease, are lost forever? |
brain cells |
|
The blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in the: |
lungs |
|
When the pancreas detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose, it releases: |
insulin. |
|
The nervous system's role in hunger regulation is coordinated by the: |
brain. |
|
Which of the following does not occur as part of the stress response. |
the digestive system speeds up. |
|
Which of the following are the first to defend the body tissues against invaders? |
phagocytes. |
|
The condition of inflammation that tissues undergo when they become injured or irritated: |
may involve loss of function of the affected body part. |
|
Most people have aversions to ____ tastes. |
bitter |
|
The digestive tract needs _____, which provides the bulk against which the muscles of the colon can work. |
fiber |
|
The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient? |
protein |
|
The purpose of the villi and microvilli in he intestinal tract is to: |
trap the nutrient particles and absorb them into the cells. |
|
In cases of severe undernutrition, the small intestine will react by: |
shrinking to a much smaller surface. |
|
The major function of the kidneys is to: |
excrete wastes from the body in urine. |
|
The liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into: |
Glycogen Fat
|
|
Without food to replenish it, the liver's glycogen supply can be depleted within: |
3-6 hours |
|
The bones provide reserves of: |
calcium |
|
Cells are related to the nutrients we eat in foods because: |
nutrients an affect how the genes in cells work. |
|
A gene variation in the cells can occasionally cause an inborn error metabolism. If this is discovered by a healthcare provider, the advice would be to: |
eat a special diet that will minimize its potential harm to the body. |
|
The importance of the lungs in the circulatory system is that they are responsible for: |
adding oxygen to the blood. |
|
Nutrients are delivered from the intestines through the circulatory system to the cells by: |
transport through the blood to the liver for chemical altering to make them better suited for use by the tissues. |
|
What is the role of the phagocytes and lymphocytes in protecting the body from invading organisms? |
killer T-cells seek out and destroy all foreign particles with the same identity. |
|
Chronic, low-grade inflammation in chronic disease of the interest because: |
it foretells of the risk of death from the disease. |
|
Digestion of foods includes the mechanical actions of: |
peristalsis waves to move the foods down through the digestive tract. |
|
Which of the following statements is true regarding the timing of meals? |
timing of meals if important to feeling well. |
|
Digestion of macronutrients begins in the mouth with the enzyme action on: |
Starches by designated carbohydrates. Fats by designated lipases. |
|
The digestive juices in the digestive tract include: |
pancreatic juice, which neutralizes stomach acids reaching the small intestine. |
|
The vast majority of fat digestion takes place in the: |
small intestine with lipases released by the gallbladder. |
|
You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormonal messages will tell an organ to send ____ in amounts matched to the amount of fat present. |
bile |
|
What are the major roles of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine? |
the microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them |
|
Which of the following would occur in the malnourished child? |
the absorptive surface of the small intestine would shrink. |
|
Which of the following strategies should be used by someone experiencing heartburn? |
Drink liquids an hour before or after meals. Eat smaller meals. |
|
If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is important to know that: |
antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing stomach acid for a while. |
|
Which of the following advice would you give to a friend suffering from constipation? |
Consume foods with adequate fiber. Drink enough water. |
|
Which of the following should be consumed at intervals throughout the day? |
carbohydrate-containing foods |
|
If you do not eat on a regular basis throughout the day, the effect on the body will be: |
a coordinated effort to draw stored energy from various parts of the body. |
|
Which of the following deliver(s) one-half ounce of ethanol? |
5 ounces of wine. 12 ounces of beer. |
|
Which of the following organs makes almost all the body's alcohol-processing machinery? |
liver |
|
Although the recommendation is to drink in moderation if consuming alcohol, the following problem may still need to be considered: |
moderation is difficult to define because of differences in tolerance among people. |
|
A friend of yours is considering drinking one glass of wine a because she has heard that it may reduce her risk of heart attacks. What information would you provide to her? |
in middle-aged populations, taking 1-2 drinks a day may benefit the heart. |