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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
BH3 / O2H2 OH- |
nonmarkovnikov addition of H2O In alkynes (if terminal) creates an aldehyde |
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Hg(OAc)2, BH3/THF / NaBH4 |
Markovnikov addition of H2O |
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H2 / Pd/C in ethanol or PtO2 |
reduces double bonds, syn stereochemistry |
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OsO4/NMO |
Adds OH to both sides, syn stereochemistry |
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O3/Zn,H3O+ |
C=C is cleaved, O= added to both carbons One ketone and one aldehyde |
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KMnO4/H3O+ |
C=C is cleaved, creates carboxylic acid (if one carbon has 2 hydrogens, CO2 is formed) |
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HIO4/H20 THF |
2 -OH groups in an open chain --> 2 carbonyl compounds result 2 -OH groups in a ring, open ring diketone forms |
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CHCl3/KOH |
Creates a carbene stereospecific |
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X2/H2O |
Markovnikov regiochemistry Antistereochemistry |
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KOH / ethanol |
dehydrohalogenation, forms double bond |
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H2SO4, H2O / THF (50deg) |
dehydration, forms double bond |
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H2O, H2SO4 / HgSO4 |
Hydration of alkyne, occurs with Markovnikov regiochemistry Ketone more favored than enol |
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BH3, THF / H2O2, H2O, NaOH |
hydroboration-oxidation if on terminal alkyne, creates an aldehyde |
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H2 / Lindlar Catalyst |
syn reduction of alkyne cis alkene product |
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Li / NH3 |
anti reduction of alkyne trans alkene product |
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NaNH2, NH3 / RX |
alkyne alkylation |
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SOCl2 / Pyridine |
Converts primary/secondary alcohols into alkyl halides -- SO2 and HCl form |
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PBr3 / ether 35C |
Converts primary/secondary alcohols into alkyl halides -- H3PO3 forms |
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HF / Pyridine |
Forms alkyl fluoride on alcohols -- replaces the OH with an F :) |
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HX + tertiary alcohol |
converts alcohol to alkyl halide -- reactivity order: 3>2>1 |
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NBS / hv CCl4 |
makes alkyl halide from alkene by allylic bromination |
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Mg / Ether |
Formation of grignard (organomagnesium) reagents kinda pops the X off of the end and adds an - Mg - X |
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R--X --2 Li / Pentane--> R--Li + LiX and Ether --> [R-Cu-R]- Li+ + LiI |
Formation of diorganocopper reagents |
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B(OH)2 + I --Pd(PPh3)4/CaCO3,THF --> |
They bond together |
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SN1 reaction of 3d allylic and benzylic halides |
--X -->:Nu- --> --Nu + :X-
mostly primary (RCH2X) |
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SN2 Reaction of 1d and simple 2d halides |
Nu --C + X:-
Mostly secondary (R2CHX) |
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E1 reaction |
halide leaves, double bond b/t carbons halide was on |
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E1cB Reaction |
With a base, same as E1 reaction basically |
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E2 reaction |
Base: + KOH / Ethanol produces double bond b/t carbons |