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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acquiring a complex set of sophisticated skills is a result of change that comes from learning. It is a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience. When a person behave differently from what he previously did, it can be said that there is a change in the person’s behavior. |
Learning |
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A change in behavior happens due to: |
1.Learning 2.Other causes such as drugs, injury, disease and maturation |
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The process of observing the behavior of others, recognizing its consequences and altering behavior as a result. One of the ways by which people learn is through social contacts with other people. |
Social Learning |
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Social learning may be done in three ways namely: |
1. By observing what happens to other people 2. By being told about something; and 3. direct experience |
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Process by which people select, organize, interpret, retrieve and respond to information from their environment. |
perception |
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Factors influencing perception: |
The Perceiver The Target The Situation |
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The person who perceives the target is called |
The perceiver |
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Perception of perceiver target is influenced by factors that are unique to him like: |
His past experiences His needs of motives His personality His values and attitudes |
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The person, object, or event that is perceived by another person is the ______. |
The target |
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Perception may be modified by the following factors which are typical characteristics of targets: |
* Contrast * Intensity * Figure-ground separation * Size * Motion * Repetition or Novelty |
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Factor that affect perception |
Situation |
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Situational factors that affect perception are: |
* Time * Work Setting * Social Setting |
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The process by which people ascribe causes to the behavior they perceive |
Attribution |
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2 Common attribution errors |
1. Fundamental Attribution 2. Self Serving Bias |
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The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors in the behavior of others. |
Fundamental Attribution |
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People tend to attribute their achievements to their good inner qualities, whereas they attribute their failures to adverse factors within the environment. |
Self Serving Bias |
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It happens when a person selectively interprets what he sees on the basis of his interests, background, experience, and attitudes. |
Selective perception |
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It occurs when one attribute of a person's or situation is used to develop an overall impression of the person or situation |
Halo Effect |
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Great example of halo effect in action |
Overall impression of celebrities |
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It is the enhancement or diminishment, relative to normal of perception, cognition or related performance as a result of successive or simultaneous exposure to a stimulus of lesser or greater value in the same dimension. |
Contrast Effects |
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It is attributing one's own thought, feelings, or motives to another. It is like to occur in the interpretation stage of perception. |
Projection |
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Manager is motivated to work mainly by the pat he collects each fornight. He thinks that his subordinates share the same motivation, so whenever he had the chance to talk with his boss, he mentions the need to increase the salaries of people working in his unit. |
Projection |
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It is an assumptions made about a group of people and are applied to individuals, irrespective of their personal characteristics, because of their affiliation with a certain group |
Stereotyping |
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It refers to the importance a person attaches to things or ideas that serves as guide to action. It is made of set of beliefs. Values may be attached to the things or ideas like loyalty, teamwork, honor, obedience, honesty, and the like |
Values |
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How people learn values |
Modeling Communication of attitudes Unstated but implied attitudes Religion |
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Values are not _____, they are ______ |
Values are not inborn, they are learned |
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Types of values |
Achievement Helping and concern for others Honesty Fairness |
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Value that pertains to getting things done and working hard to accomplish goals |
Achievement |
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Value refers to the person's concern with other people and providing assistance to those who need help. |
Helping and concern for others |
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Value that indicated the person's concern for telling the truth and doing what he thinks is right. |
Honesty |
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Value that indicates the person's concern for impartiality and fairness for all concerned |
Fairness |
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If the individual's value is not in agreement with the organizations value |
Value incongruence |
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Have values that may or may not be compatible with the values of the individual workers |
Organization |
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Circle of values, attitudes and job satisfaction |
Individual values - organizational values - organizational culture - |
