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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
At what average age is a regular, predictable reproductive cycle established in women?
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15 years
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At what average age does the female reproductive cycle become inefficient?
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45 years
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A woman's optimal reproductive time occupies approximately how many years?
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30 years
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On average, how many times during the year will a healthy, nonpregnant woman ovulate?
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13 to 14 times
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What is the average length of the female reproductive cycle?
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28 days
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What is the name of the pulse generator that secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone?
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Arcuate nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone flows from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through the
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pituitary portal venous plexus
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What is the pulse frequency of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion?
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Every 70 to 90 minutes
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Given a woman with the inability to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; Kallmann syndrome), at waht pulse frequency should an external GnRH pump be set?
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Every 70 to 90 minutes
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The hormone that stimulates the granulosa cells of the primary ovarian follicle is
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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The hormone that triggers ovulation is
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LH
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The principal sex steroid secreted by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle is
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estradiol
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The hormone that stimulates the pre-granulosa cells of the primordial follicle to become granulosa cells is
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FSH
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The hormone that facilitates preparation of the endometrium for implantation of the blastocyst following fertilization is
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progesterone
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The hormone that has the greatest effect on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center is
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progesterone
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The hormone that is associated with the development of the secretory endometrium is
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progesterone
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The hormone that stimulates the ductal elements of the breast (nipples, areolae, and ducts) is
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estradiol
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The hormone that stimulates the acinar elements of the breast (milk-producing glands) is
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progesterone
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The hormone associated with the development of a proliferative endometrium is
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estradiol
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Which of the following reflects the activity of the arcuate nucleus?
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
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The hormone that is most heavily secreted in response to a perceived estrogen deficiency is
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FSH
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Which is the principal sex steroid hormone secreted by the theca lutein cells?
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Progesterone
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Which of the following is secreted by the theca lutein cells during the follicular phase of the cycle and acts as a precursor in the synthesis of sex steroid hormone by granulosa cells?
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Androgens
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The oocyte in the primordial follicle is arrested in what stage of division?
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Prophase of meiosis
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Which of the following stimulates the arrested oocyte to complete maturation?
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The LH surge
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What endocrine event initiates the onset of menstruation?
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Involution of the corpus luteum
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What is the average volume of blood lost each menstrual cycle?
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30 to 50 mL
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Where do the prostaglandins that initiate uterine contractions during menstruation originate?
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Endometrium
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What is the clinical condition associated with symptomatic uterine contractions during menstruation?
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Primary dysmenorrhea
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What is the preferred form of treatment for women who suffer from menstrual pain?
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Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors
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When does the pituitary gland begin to secrete FSH to initiate a new reproductive cycle?
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24 to 48 hours before the onset of menstruation
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What is the consequence of an androgen-to-estrogen ratio of greater than one in a follicle that is undergoing stimulation?
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Atretic follicle
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What is the presumed chemical stimulus for extrusion of the oocyte from the follicle at the time of ovulation?
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Liberation of intrafollicular prostaglandins
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What is the consequence if prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors are administered at the expected time of ovulation?
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The oocyte will be retained in the follicle
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What term is given to the pain associated with ovulation?
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Mittelschmerz
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The clinical term for insufficient progesterone production by the corpus luteum is
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inadequate luteal phase
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Which hormone is necessary to sustain the corpus luteum beyond 14 days?
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Human chorionic gonadotropin
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At approximately what age will a woman begin to notice changes in her reproductive cycle associated with perimenopause?
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38 to 42
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What is the first evidence of diminished reproductive efficiency in a woman?
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A change in length of the reproductive cycle
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What is the clinical condition when the few remaining ovarian follicles are resistant to stimulation by FSH?
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Menopause
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What procedure is used for endometrial dating, to diagnose inadequate luteal phase?
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Endometrial biopsy
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What is the common condition characterized by breast tenderness, mood changes, fluid retention, abdominal bloating, and weight gain?
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Premenstrual syndrome
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A 20-year-old patient inquires about a watery, thin mucus that seems to come and go. She should be told that it occurs at the time of
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ovulation
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Endocervical glands play a critical role in
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fertilization
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A 35-year-old woman who complains of vaginal dryness with intercourse should be told that lubrication of the vagina during the sexual response cycle comes from the
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vagina
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In counseling a patient regarding the basal body temperature chart, she should be told to take her temperature
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first thing in the morning
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A 40-year-old woman inquires about the changes in her menstrual period that are likely to occur. Which of the following is the most accurate?
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The luteal phase will likely be maintained at normal length
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