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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Conversion of sediment into sedimentary rock by pressure or by the introduction of a mineral cement.
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lithification
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Solid mass of hydrogenous sediment, most commonly manganese or ferromanganese nodules and phosphorite nodules.
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nodule
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Deposit formed by the evaporation of ocean water.
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evaporite
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Ooze composed mostly of the hard remains of silica-containing organisms.
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siliceous ooze
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Sediments of oceanic origin.
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pelagic sediment
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The zone of open water near shore, over the continental shelf.
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neritic zone
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Sampling device used to take shallow samples of the ocean bottom.
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clamshell sampler
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Sediment of biological origin. Organisms can deposit calcareous (calcium containing) or siliceous (silicon-containing) residue.
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biogenous sediment
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Ooze composed mostly of the hard remains of calcium-carbonate-containing organisms.
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calcareous ooze
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The depth at which the rate of accumulation of calcareous sediments equals the rate of dissolution of those sediments. Below this depth, sediment contains little or no calcium carbonate.
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calcium carbonate compensation depth:
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A naturally occurring inorganic crystalline material with a specific chemical composition and structure
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mineral
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One of a group of planktonic amoebae-like animals with a calcareous shell which contributes to biogenous sediments.
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foraminiferan
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Sediment derived from the land and transported to the ocean by wind and flowing water
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terrigenous sediment
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Sediment formed directly by precipitation from seawater. Also called hydrogenous sediment.
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authigenic sediment
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Sediment of extraterrestrial origin.
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cosmogenous sediment
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The branch of geology concerned with the composition, origin, and areal and age relationships of stratified rocks.
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stratigraphy
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Sediment formed directly by precipitation from seawater. Also called authigenic sediment.
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hydrogenous sediment
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The Earth's most abundant, successful, and efficient single-celled phytoplankton. Diatoms possess two interlocking valves made primarily of silica. The valves contribute to biogenous sediments.
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diatom
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Hydrogenous sediments formed when calcium carbonate precipitates from warmed seawater as pH rises, forming rounded grains around a shell fragment or other particle.
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oolite sands
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A terrigenous sediment deposited by a turbidity current; typically, coarse-grained layers of nearshore origin interleaved with finer sediments.
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turbidite
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The study of the ocean's past.
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paleoceanography:
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Sediment particle between 0.004 and 0.062 millimeter in diameter.
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silt
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Sediment of at least 30% biological origin.
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ooze
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Particles of organic or inorganic matter that accumulate in a loose, unconsolidated form.
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sediment
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Small planktonic mollusk with a calcareous shell, which contributes to biogenous sediments.
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pteropod
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A sediment in which particles of many sizes are found.
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poorly sorted sediment
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A seabed-sampling device capable of punching through up to 25 meters (80 feet) of sediment and returning an intact plug of material.
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piston corer
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Sediment particle smaller than 0.004 millimeter in diameter; the smallest sediment size category.
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clay
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A sediment in which particles are of uniform size.
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well-sorted sediment
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One of a group of usually planktonic amoebae-like animals with a siliceous shell, which contributes to biogenous sediments.
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radiolarian
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Sediment particle between 0.062 and 2 millimeters in diameter
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sand
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A supposed living slime - primordial ooze - discovered by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1868. He believed that this animal jelly carpeted the deep floor of the ocean.
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bathybius
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A very small planktonic alga carrying discs of calcium carbonate, which contributes to biogenous sediments.
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coccolithophore
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