Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
activation energy energy necessary for reactions to occur
|
energy necessary for reactions to occur |
|
active site specific region of the enzyme to which the substrate binds
|
specific region of the enzyme to which the substrate binds |
|
allosteric inhibition
|
inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate |
|
anabolic
|
pathways that require an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones |
|
ATP
|
adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency |
|
bioenergetics
|
study of energy flowing through living systems |
|
catabolic
|
pathways in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones |
|
chemical energy
|
potential energy in chemical bonds that is released when those bonds are broken coenzyme small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance the activity of an enzyme |
|
cofactor
|
inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal regulation of enzyme activity
|
|
competitive inhibition
|
type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the active site of the enzyme
|
|
denature
|
process that changes the natural properties of a substance
|
|
endergonic
|
describes chemical reactions that require energy input
|
|
enthalpy
|
total energy of a system
|
|
entropy
|
measure of randomness or disorder within a system
|
|
exergonic
|
describes chemical reactions that release free energy
|
|
feedback inhibition
|
effect of a product of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the activity of the first enzyme in the pathway that produces it
|
|
free energy
|
Gibbs free energy is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work
|
|
heat energy
|
energy transferred from one system to another that is not work (energy of the motion of molecules or particles)
|
|
heat energy
|
total bond energy of reactants or products in a chemical reaction
|
|
induced fit
|
dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding
|
|
kinetic energy
|
type of energy associated with objects or particles in motion
|
|
metabolism
|
all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism
|
|
phosphoanhydride bond
|
bond that connects phosphates in an ATP molecule potential energy type of energy that has the potential to do work; stored energy substrate molecule on which the enzyme acts
|
|
thermodynamics
|
study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter
|
|
transition state
|
high-energy, unstable state (an intermediate form between the substrate and the product) occurring during a chemical reaction
|