Optics

The colour of light relating to it's wavelength

The perceived 'brightness' of a colour relating to the intensity of it's retinal stimulus

Variation in depth of hue by mixing/diluting with white light

760nm to 390nm

760-622

577-492

492-455

The centre of a sphere from which a mirror has been cut.

The axial point where paraxial rays intersect or appear to intersect.

The point at which the surface of the mirror intersects with the principal axis.

The line joining the pole/vertex, principal focus and centre of curvature.

The distance measured from the mirrors surface to the centre of curvature.

Measured from the mirror surface to the principal focus and is always 1/2 of the radius of curvature.

Speed of travel in a given direction.

The distance between corresponding points on successive waves.

The number of complete waves generated per second.

Maximum value of the wave.

A virtual line drawn perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.

The ray of light which strikes the reflecting/ refracting surface.

The ray of light leaving the surface after being reflected.

The angle measured from the normal to the incident ray.

The angle measured from the normal to the reflected ray.

The angle between the original ray path at the surface and the ray leaving the surface.

1. The incident ray and the reflected ray lie in one plane which is perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.

2. The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

d = 180 - 2i

Velocity = frequency x wavelength

The angle measured from the normal to the refracted ray.

1. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant equal to the refractive index. Sin I ÷ sin i' = n

2. The incident ray and the refracted ray all lie in one plane which is perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.

n sin I = n' sin i'

i' = sin -1 (n sin I ÷ n')

h = (t × tan i1) - (t x tan i1')

S = t sin ( i1' - i1') ÷ cos i1'

ic = sin -1 (n'÷n)

Regular

Occurs at an optically plane surface

Occurs in a single definite direction

Laws of reflection apply

An observer would see a reflection of your source/object

Irregular

Occurs at non polished surfaces

Irregularities in the surface ace as separate plane reflectors

Reflections scattered in all directions

Allows an object to be seen from all directions

A transparent body bound by two inclined plane surfaces which intersect a straight line called the apex

A 2D section through the prism perpendicular to the refracting faces.

The inclined polished faces of the prism which meet at the apex

The angle contained in the principal section of the prism at the apex, between the two refracting faces and opposite to the base.

Vergence (dioptres) at any position along a pencil of light is the reciprocal of the distance from that position (usually the surface of the lens) to a source (object) or focus (image)

Formula vergence = 1000 x n ÷ little L (distance in mm)

Wavefronts demonstrate the light radiating OUT from the source. It can be seen in a diagram that the wavefronts become flatter as they progress further from the source

n÷l = L

n' - n÷ r = F

n' ÷ l' = L'