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8 Cards in this Set
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What is homologeous series? |
Homologeous series is a family of organic compounds with general formula and similar chemical properties. |
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Alkane |
Formula:CnH2n+2 •Melting points and boiling points increase as the bonds become larger and heavier which increases the forces of attraction between molecule so more energy(from heat ) is needed to seperate them.
• Alkanes are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvent such as Tetrachloromethane as alkanes are organic compound.
▪︎Alkane undergo substitution reaction they react with halogens such as CL2,F2,BR2 in the presence of UV light |
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Alkene |
•CnH2n • The importance of Ethene •Ethanol-solvent &fuel •Ethanoic acid vinegar • Polyethene - Plastic variation Alkene is organic compound containing C=C double bond said to be unsaturated |
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Alcohol |
Alcohol are homologous series with general formula CnH2n+2OH •They have -OH functional group First three memebers of the series •Methanol CH3OH • Ethanol C2H5OH • propanol C3H7OH |
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Ester |
Ester is organic compound made with carboxylic acid and alcohol with the removal of one molecule of water -Sulfuric acid is added as catalyst then heat mixture. |
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Carboxylic acid |
Formula: CnH2n+2COOH Preparation of carboxylic acid •From natural gas is passed over air and catalyst to form ethanoic acid and water. -PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS •Carboxylic acids are weak acids • Carboxylic acids react with metals to form metal ethanoate(salt)and Hydrogen. Carboxylic acids react with bases to form salt and water(neutralization) |
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Isomers |
Isomers are compound with same molecular formula but different structural formula •Isomerism can occur in both alkanes and alkenes. |
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Macromolecules |
•Macromolecule is a large molecule made by joining together many small molecule. •Polymer is a long chain macromolecule made by joining together many monomers. •Polymerisation is the addition to make large polymer. |
