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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe how the combustion and reaction of sodium with methanol and propanol differ. |
methanol - stronger fizzing, blue flame, complete combustion propanol - gentle fizzing, yellow flame, incomplete combustion |
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A student ferments sugar with yeast to make ethanol. What change is seen in limewater and why does it change? |
goes cloudy due to CO2 produced |
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The polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is non- biodegradable. Give one problem caused by this. (1 mark) |
- does not decompose in landfill |
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Name the gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol |
hydrogen |
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Methanol is used to produce methanoic acid. What type of substance reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid? |
oxidising agent |
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What is the formula for ethanoic acid? |
CH3COOH/C2H4O2 |
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Ethanol and butanoic acid are reacted together, in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to make ethyl butanoate. Why is the concentrated sulfuric acid present? |
catalyst |
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Give 3 uses of ethanol |
Fuel, Solvent, Alcoholic Drinks |
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Bromine water is reacted with ethene. What type of reaction is this? |
addition reaction |
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Compare the polymerisation reaction used to produce polyethene with the polymerisation reaction used to produce a polyester. (4 marks) |
any four from: • poly(ethene) produced by addition polymerisation whereas polyester bycondensation polymerisation • poly(ethene) produced from one monomer wheareas polyester producedfrom two different monomers • poly(ethene) produced from ethene / alkene whereas polyester from a(di)carboxylic acid and a diol / alcohol • poly(ethene) is the only product formed whereas polyester water alsoproduced • poly(ethene) repeating unit is a hydrocarbon whereas polyester has an esterlinkage |
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Tablet containers are often made from two different polymers e.g poly(propene) and poly(ethene). The tablet containers could be disposed of in a landfill site or could be recycled. 1) Suggest two reasons why disposing of the tablet containers in a landfill site could cause problems (2 marks) 2) Suggest one reason why recycling the tablet containers may be difficult (1 mark) |
1) any 2 from - non-biodegradable - landfill sites are filling up - waste of a resource/could be recycled 2) any 1 from - two different polymers/plastics/materials - need to be separated - limited collection points - tablets may still be present |
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What is formed when amino acids polymerise? What type of polymerisation is this? |
polypeptides condensation |
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Give the names and formulae of the two different functional groups in an amino acid |
carboxylic acid (COOH) amine group (NH2) |
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Describe the structure of DNA (3 marks) |
two polymer chains, double helix, 4 different monomers/nucleotides |
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Figure 2 shows a few short chains of PVC molecules. Explain why PVC softens and melts when heated. Use figure 2 and your knowledge of structure and bonding to answer the question (3 marks) |
- weak intermolecular forces (1) so little amounts of energy required (1) to overcome forces (1) |
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What affects the properties of polymers? |
- their monomers |
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Explain why the properties between LDPE and HDPE differ |
LDPE - polymer chains are randomly branched and cannot pack closely together HDPE - made up of straighter polyethene chains, can pack more closely together |
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What two things are needed to form a polyester? |
- diol and dicarboxylic acid |
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Poly(ethene) is a thermosoftening polymer. Suggest why poly(ethene) is easier to recycle than thermosetting polymers (2 marks) |
- polyethene will melt when heated (1) - easier to reshape into different products (1) |
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Ethene produces different forms of poly(ethene). How can different forms of poly(ethene) be produced from ethene? (1 mark) |
- change the conditions polyethene is produced in (1) |
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Explain why HDPE has a higher density than LDPE (2 marks) |
- polymer chains are closer together/unbranched polymer chains in HDPE (1) - more atoms per unit volume (1) |
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What conditions would be needed for fermentation? |
- warm - anaerobic |
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Write a word equation for the reaction between potassium carbonate and ethanoic acid |
potassium carbonate + ethanoic acid > potassium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water |
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How would the reactions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with sodium carbonate differ? |
- more bubbles produced with HCl for the same time period than ethanoic |
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What catalyst is needed to make ethyl ethanoate? |
- concentrated sulfuric acid |
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Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. Explain in detail what this means |
- doesn't fully ionise in water - less H+ ions than a strong acid of the same concentration |