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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alcohol+ hydrogen halide-->
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alkyl halide
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alcohol+ thionyl chloride (SOCl2)-->
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alkyl chloride
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alcohol+ phosphorus tribromide (PBr3)-->
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alkyl bromide
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alkane+ halogen (X2)-->
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alkyl halide
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alcohol+ acid (H2SO4/heat, H3PO4/heat) -->
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alkene
(dehydration; Zaitsev rule; rearrangements possible) |
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alkyl halide+ base (KOCH2CH3/ethanol/heat, NaOCH2CH3/CH3CH2OH/heat)-->
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alkene
(dehydrohalogenation; Zaitsev rule; no rearrangements) |
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alkene+ H2/Pt,Pd,Rh,Ni-->
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alkane
(catalytic hydrogenation) |
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alkene+ hydrogen halide-->
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alkyl halide
(Markovnikov; rearrangements possible) |
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alkene+ H2SO4/H2O-->
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alcohol
(acid-catalyzed hydration; Markovnikov; rearrangements possible) |
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alkene+ 1)B2H6/diglyme+ 2)H2O2/-HO-->
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alcohol
(hydroboration-oxidation; anti-Markovnikov; no rearrangements) |
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alkene+ halogen-->
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vicinal dihalide
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alkene+ halogen+ water-->
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vicinal halohydrin
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alkene+ peroxyacetic acid-->
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epoxide
(epoxidation) |
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alkyl halide+ alkoxide ion (RO-)-->
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ether (ROR')
(nucleophilic substitution) |
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alkyl halide+ carboxylate ion (R`C=O`O-)-->
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ester (R`C=O`OR)
(nucleophilic substitution) |
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alkyl halide+ hydrogen sulfide ion (SH-)-->
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thiol (HSR)
(nucleophilic substitution) |
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alkyl halide+ cyanide ion (CN-)-->
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alkyl cyanide (NCR)
(nucleophilic substitution) |
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alkyl halide+ azide ion (N3-)-->
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alkyl azide (N3R)
(nucleophilic substitution) |
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alkyl chloride or bromide+ iodide ion-->
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alkyl iodide (IR)
(nucleophilic substitution) |
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alkyne+ 1) NaNH2,NH3+ 2) primary alkyl halide-->
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substituted alkyne
(alkylation of acetylene and terminal alkynes) |
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geminal dihalide+ 1) 3NaNH2, NH3+ 2) H2O-->
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alkyne
(double dehydrohalogenation) |
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vicinal dihalide+ 1) 3NaNH2, NH3+ 2) H2O-->
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alkyne
(double dehydrohalogenation) |
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alkyne+ 2H2+ catalyst (Pt)-->
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alkane
(hydrogenation) |
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alkyne+ H2+ Lindlar-->
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cis alkene
(hydrogenation) |
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alkyne+ Na+ NH3-->
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trans alkene
(metal-ammonia reduction) |
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arene+ NBS or Br2+ CCl4+ light or heat-->
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arene w/bromine on side chain
(free-radical halogenation) |
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arene+ Na2CrO7 or KMnO4+ H2SO4/H2O+ heat-->
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arene w/benzoic acid derivative (C=O`OH)
(oxidation) |
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alkenylarene (has side chain w/=)+ H2+ Pt-->
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alkylarene (side chain is alkane)
(hydrogenation) |
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alkenylarene+ electrophile (HBr)-->
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arene (w/electrophilic addition, no =)
(electrophilic addition) |
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arene+ HNO3+ H2SO4-->
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nitroarene (arene w/NO2)
(nitration) |
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arene+ SO3+ H2SO4-->
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arenesulfonic acid (arene w/HSO3)
(sulfonation) |
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arene+ halogen (X2)+ FeX3-->
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aryl halide (arene w/halogen)
(halogenation) |
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arene+ alkyl halide (RX)+ AlCl3-->
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alkylarene (arene w/alkyl group)
(Friedel-Crafts alkylation) |
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arene+ acyl chloride (R`C=O'Cl)+ AlCl3-->
OR arene+ acid anhydride (R`C=O`O`C=O`R)+ AlCl3--> |
ketone (arene`C=O`R)
OR ketone+ carboxylic acid (R`C=O`OH) (Friedel-Crafts acylation) |
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formaldehyde (H`C=O`H)+ Grignard reagent (RMgX)+ 1) diethyl ether+ 2) H3O+-->
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primary alcohol
(with one more C than Grignard reagent) |
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aldehyde (R`C=O`H)+ Grignard reagent (RMgX)+ 1) diethyl ether+ 2) H3O+-->
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secondary alcohol
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ketone (R`C=O`CR)+ Grignard reagent (RMgX)+ 1) diethyl ether+ 2) H3O+-->
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tertiary alcohol
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