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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the sound producing structure in birds called? |
syrinx |
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how does the musculature of the syrinx affect bird's songs |
more musculature=more song complexity, less musculature=grunts or hissing songs |
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What is a bird's song? |
a long vocal display with specific repeated patterns usually given by males as territorial display |
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What is a bird's call? |
a short, simple vocalization given by either sex |
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5 kinds of bird calls |
distress, flight, warning, begging, and contact |
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7 parts of avian vocabularies |
territorial proclamation, attraction of mates, broadcast of personal characteristics, warning of potential danger, maintenance of social contact, contact calls, and pre-copulatory calls |
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4 reasons to use song playback |
allows birders to see secretive species, helps to capture and band some birds, allows detection and census of cryptic birds, and can assess the species-recognition behavior of geographically separated populations |
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How can vocal displays best reflect the evolutionary history of related species? |
when the songs are innate rather than learned |
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What is a sort, discrete vocal element? |
syllable |
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What are several syllables given together? |
phrase |
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what is the sequence of particular notes or syllables? |
syntax |
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4 reasons individual recognition in birds is important |
helps bird identify offspring, parents, mates, and neighbors |
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3 types of song repertoires |
single song, two songs, and hundreds of songs |
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3 advantages of large repertoires |
enhances a male's attractiveness to females, enhances males ability to compete with neighboring males, and to discourage would-be competitors |
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3 advantages of vocal mimicry |
enlarge your repertoire, can use to attract help in mobbing predators, and young birds can use mimicry to develop their own repertoire |
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Advantage of inherited song development |
if bird is deafened before they hear fellow species sing or call, they can still vocalize normally |
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How do learned song developments work? |
inherited mechanisms guide the learning of their song, but birds must hear them and practice to preform correctly |
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4 periods of learned song development |
critical learning period: when young, silent period, subsong period: analogous to human infant babbling, and song crystallization: auditory feedback is important, if deafened before this period, bird will never have a normal song |
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what are regional differences in birds songs called? |
dialects |
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Upon what do different dialects depend? |
the range of a species |
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Next |
Powerpoint |