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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the regions of the spinal column? |
cranioverebral cervical thoracic lumbar pelvis (sacrum and coccyx) |
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what is the primary curve infants have? |
kyphosis |
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when does the secondary curve develop and what is it? |
as the child grows and lifts head - in the cervical spine (lordosis) |
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where is the other secondary curve? and how does it develop? |
lumbar spine lordosis - with walking |
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what is the fx of spinal curves? |
resist axial compressive forces |
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what is R=N2+1? |
mathematical equation stating the resistance of a curved column is proportional to the square of the number of curves plus one |
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what are the 4 types of postural alignment? |
ideal alignment kyphosis-lordosis flat-back sway-back |
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what can hyperkyphosis result from? |
poor posture trauma arthritis infection mmular dystrophy neoplasm pagets disease |
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what are the symptoms of hyperkyphosis? |
nild back pain fatigue tenderness and stiffnes in the spine - HA round back appearance difficulty breathing in severe cases |
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what treatment is given for kyphosis? |
lengthen mms that are short strengtheen weak mms postural advice bracing |
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what are common causes of hyper lordosis? |
benign juvenile lordosis achondroplasia sspodyylolisthesis irritated lumbar disc |
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what treatment is given for hyperlordosis? |
strengthen mms that decrease lordosis lengthen mms which increase lordosis |
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what is scoliosis? |
lateral curvature of the spine |
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what are the 2 types of scoliosis? |
non-structural scoliosis structural scoliosis |
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what is non-tructural scoliosis? |
a reversible lateral curvature of the spine without rotation |
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what is structural scoliosis? |
irriversible lateral curvature of the spine with rotation of vertebral bodies |
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what are the causes of nonstrucutral scoliosis? |
poor posture habits paiin and mm spasm lower limb length discrepancy |
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wwhat are the 3 types of structural scoliosis? |
idiopathic osteopathic neuropathic |
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what are the 3 age groups affected by idiopathic scoliosis? |
infantile - birth to 3yrs juvenile - 4-9 adolescent - 10y to end of growth |
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what are the congenital causes of osteopathic scoliosis? |
hemivertebrae oseogenesis imperfecta |
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what are some aquired causes of osteopathic scoliosis? |
fractures and dislocations of the spine rickets and osteomalacia unilateral pulmonary disease |
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what are some congenital causes of neuropathic scoliosis? |
spina bifida neurofibromatosis |
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what are some acquired causes of neuropathic scoliosis? |
paraplegia cerebral palsy poliomyelitis |
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when is scoliosis said to be compensated? |
when the sh are level and are directly above the pelvis |
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when is scoliosis said to be decompensated? |
when the major curve is greater than the sum of its compensatory curves |
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how much does a spinal curve progressed in order for it to be found clinically? |
30 deg |
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what non-operative methods are given to people with scoliosis? |
brace exercise night brace |
