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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metformin
-Glucophage |
Biguanide
Antidiabetic (NIDDM only) 500mg tab BID or 850mg tab QD Lactic acidosis, dec vit B12 absorption |
|
Glipizide
-Glucotrol |
Second generation sulfonylurea
Antidiabetic (NIDDM only) 5-20mg (max 40mg) tab QD Pruritis, urticaria, hypoglycemia |
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Glyburide
-Micronase -Diabeta |
Second generation sulfonylurea
Antidiabetic (NIDDM only) 2.5-5mg (max 20mg) tab QD or BID Pruritis, urticaria, hypoglycemia |
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Glyburide with Metformin
-Glucovance |
Antidiabetic (NIDDM only)
2.5/500 or 5/500mg tab BID Upper respiratory infection |
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Glimepiride
-Amaryl |
Sulfonylurea (3rd gen)
Antidiabetic (NIDDM only) 1-4mg tab QD Dizziness, asthenia PxCx: Avoid excess alcohol. PxCx: Follow prescribed diet closely. PxCx: Take with meal. |
|
Sitagliptin
-Januvia |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor
Antidiabetic (NIDDM only) 100mg tab QD Nasopharyngitis/common cold |
|
Pioglitazone
-Actos |
Thiazolidinedione
Antidiabetic (NIDDM only) 15-30mg QD Upper resp infection, tooth disorder PxCx: Can take with/out meal. PxCx: Take quarterly HbA-1c tests. |
|
Insulin Glargine
-Lantus |
Antidiabetic (Type 1 and 2)
Individualized dosing (10units QD to start) Injection site pain, hypoglycemia Has substitution of glycine for asparagine at A21 and two arginines added to the carboxy terminal of B chain |
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Insulin Novolin
-Novolin |
Antidiabetic (Type 1 and 2)
Individualized dosing Injection hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia It has an intermediate duration of action, meaning longer than that of regular insulin, and shorter than ultralente, glargine, or detemir |
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Insulin Lispro
-Humalog |
Antidiabetic (Type 1 and 2)
Individualized dosing Injection hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia A fast acting insulin The lysine and proline residues on the C-terminal end of the B-chain are reversed |
|
Insulin Aspart
-Novolog |
Antidiabetic (Type 1 and 2)
Individualized dosing Injection hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia B28, which is normally proline, is substituted with aspartic acid. This analogue has increased charge repulsion, which prevents the formation of hexamers, to create fast acting insulin |
|
Alendronate
-Fosamax |
Bisphosphonate
Osteoporosis 10mg QD or 70mg once a week Rare: GI(ab pain, diarrhea) PxCx: Swallow with 6-8 ozs of water upon rising, 30 minutes before first food, beverage, or medications. PxCx: Do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking it. PxCx: Swallow whole, dont crush, chew or suck on tablet. |
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Risedronate
-Actonel |
Bisphosphonate
Osteoporosis 5mg QD or 35mg weekly or 75mg twice a month Rare: GI(ab pain, diarrhea) |
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Ibandronate
-Boniva |
Bisphosphonate
Osteoporosis 2.5mg QD or 150mg once a month Rare: dyspepsia(upset stomach), diarrhea |
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Raloxifene
-Evista |
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
Osteoporosis 60mg tab QD Hot flashes, leg cramps |
|
Vitamin D
-Drisdol |
Vitamin
Rickets, hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency 50,000 IU weekly (for 8 weeks), then 1000 IU QD Kidney toxicity, retardation |
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Conjugated estrogen
-Premarin |
Hormone
Vasomotor symptoms 1.25mg QD Menstrual bleeding, hirsutism, jaundice PxCx: D/C if pregnancy is suspected. PxCx: May be taken with food or milk if gi upset. |
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Estradiol
-Estrace |
Hormone
Vasomotor symptoms 1-2mg QD Cardiovascular or thromboembolic disorders PxCx: Do not take during pregnancy PxCx: Closely follow cyclic administration PxCx: For cream, insert applicator high into vagina (2/3 length). |
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Tamoxifen citrate
-Nolvadex |
Antineoplastic
Metastatic breast cancer 10-20mg BID Hot flashes |
|
Levonorgestrel
-Trivora -Triphasil -Enpresse |
Oral contraceptive
One tab QD for 28 days Cardiovascular or thromboembolic disorders |
|
Etonogestrel
-Nuvaring |
Vaginal contraceptive
One ring for 21 days Migraines, Cardiovascular or thromboembolic disorders, Ocular lesions CxPx: Smoking incs risk of severe adverse effects CxPx: Contraceptives are intended to prevent pregnancy, they dont protect against stds. CxPx: Breakthrough bleeding may occur during the first few months. CxPx: Missing a period the first month of contraception use is normal, but missing two months is a sign of pregnancy. |
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Norgestimate
-Ortho-cyclen -Tri-cyclen -Tri-cyclen Lo -Sprintec -TriSprintec -Trinessa |
Oral contraceptive
One tab QD for 28 days Cardiovascular or thromboembolic disorders |
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Drospirenone
-Yasmin -Ocella |
Oral contraceptive
One tab QD for 28 days Cardiovascular or thromboembolic disorders Also treats moderate acne, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD) |
|
Mometasone furoate monohydrate (intranasal)
-Nasonex |
Glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory
Antiallergy 50mcg/spray, 2 sprays/nostril QD Headache, viral infection, pharyngitis(sore throat) |
|
Fluticasone propionate (nasal)
-Flonase |
Corticosteroid
Antiallergy 50mcg/spray, 2 sprays/nostril QD Nasal burning, epistaxis(nose bleed) PxCx: Shake container well before use. PxCx: Clear nasal passages of secretions prior to use. |
|
Fluticasone propionate (inhalation)
-Flovent |
Antiasthmatic (maintenance, prophylaxis)
Diskus or MDI If on bronchodilator: 50-88 mcg BID If on inhaled corticosteroids: 50-250 mcg BID Pharyngitis(inflammation of the throat), nasal congestion |
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Fluticasone propionate with salmeterol xinafoate
-Advair |
Corticosteroid
Asthma & COPD (maintenance) One diskus or two HFA inhalations BID 12hr apart Rash, angioedema, upper respiratory infection PxCx: Not intended for immediate relief of bronchospasms. PxCx: Counsel the px on how to use the diskus device or HFA inhaler PxCx: For aerosol inhaler, avoid contact with eyes. |
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Montelukast sodium
-Singulair |
Cysteinyl leukotriene (LTD4) antagonist
Seasonal/perennial allergic rhinitis(hay fever), Exercise induced bronchospasms, Antiasthmatic (maintenance, prophylaxis) 10mg tab QD evening Headache(18%), influenza PxCx: Not intended to treat bronchospasms PxCx: Tell phenylketonurics that chewables contain phenylalanine. |
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Levalbuterol
-Xopenex |
Beta2 agonist
Antiasthmatic (bronchospasms) 0.63mg TID q6-8h Dizziness, pharyngitis PxCx: For inhaler, avoid contact with eyes PxCx: For inhaler, shake well before inhalation. PxCx: For inhaler, prime with 4 sprays before first use, or if not used for 3 days. PxCx: For vials, discard if soln is not colorless. PxCx: For vials, keep vials inside foil pouch until ready to use. PxCx: For vials, once foil pouch is opened use all 12 vials within 2 weeks. |
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Ipratropium bromide with albuterol sulfate (MDI)
-Combivent |
Anticholinergic + Beta2 agonist
COPD, asthma Two inhalations QID(4) Bronchitis(12%), upper resp infection(11%) |
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Tiotropium bromide (inhalation)
-Spiriva |
Anticholinergic
COPD One 18 mcg capsule QD Dry mouth(16%) |
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Albuterol sulfate (inhalation)
-Proventil -Ventolin -Proair |
Antiasthmatic (prevents regular and exercise induced bronchospasms)
Two (108mcg) inhalations QID(4) Two inhalations 15 minutes prior to exercise Nervousness, tremor |
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Varenicline tartrate
-Chantix |
(partial) nicotinic agonist
Smoking cessation 1mg tab BID Headache, insomnia PxCx: Begin one week prior to smoking cessation. PxCx: Follow prescribed taper to minimize adverse effects. |
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Dicyclomine
-Bentyl |
GI antispasmotic (irritable bowel syndrome)
10-20mg 3-4 times daily Dizzy/drowsy, headache, dry mouth |
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Tolterodine tartrate
-Detrol |
Urinary bladder modifier
2mg tabs BID, or one 4mg tab QD Dry mouth, headache, dizziness |
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Oxybutynin chloride
-Ditropan |
Anticholinergic (of bladder smooth muscle)
Urinary bladder modifier 5mg 1-3 times daily Dry mouth, drowsiness, confusion PxCx: May cause drowsiness, caution when mental alertness req'd. PxCx: Avoid prolonged exposure to hot weather PxCx: For XL, the tablet shell may be found in the stool. |
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Darifenacin hydrobromide
-Enablex |
Urinary bladder modifier
15mg QD Dry mouth, constipation, UTI, blurred vision |
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Solifenacin succinate
-Vesicare |
Urinary bladder modifier
5mg QD Dry mouth, constipation, UTI, blurred vision |
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Memantine
-Namenda |
Alzheimers
10mg BID Dizziness, headache, confusion |
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Donepezil
-Aricept |
Anticholinesterase
Alzheimers 10mg QD at bedtime Insomnia, N&V PxCx: May be taken with/out food. PxCx: Take at bedtime. |
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Carisoprodol
-Soma |
Muscle relaxant
250-350mg QID(4) Dizzy/drowsy, headache PxCx: May cause drowsiness, caution when mental alertness req'd. PxCx: May cause dry mouth. PxCx: Avoid alcohol while taking medication. |
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Methocarbamol
-Robaxin |
Muscle relaxant
750-1000mg QID(4) Pruritis, rash, dizzy/drowsy |
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Tizanidine
-Zanaflex |
Muscle relaxant (spasticity)
4mg TID Abnormal liver function tests, blurred vision, dizzy/drowsy |
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Metaxalone
-Skelaxin |
Muscle relaxant
800mg 3-4 times daily N&V, GI discomfort, dizzy/drowsy |
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Baclofen
-Lioresal |
Muscle relaxant (MS)
10-20mg 3-4 times daily Dizzy/drowsy |
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Cyclobenzaprine
-Amrix -Flexeril -Fexmid |
Muscle relaxant
5mg TID or 15mg XR QD Drowsy/dizzy, dry mouth |
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Lidocaine
-Lidoderm |
Topical analgesic (herpes nerve pain)
1-3 patches on for 12hrs Erythema, pruritis, dermatitis |
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Sumatriptan
-Imitrex |
Antimigraine
25-100mg prn Abnormal sensations (tingling, warmth, burning) |
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Potassium chloride
-Klor-Con -K-Dur -Micro-K |
K+ deficiency
16-80mEq QD or 8-40mg BID N&V, GI |
|
Furosemide
-Lasix |
Loop Diuretic
CHF edema: 20-80mg in 1-2 doses HTN: 40mg BID Hearing loss, weakness, muscle cramps, anemia, photosensitivity PxCx: Avoid overexposure to sunlight. PxCx: May cause orthostatic hypotension. |
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Bumetanide
-Bumex |
Diuretic (edema)
0.5-2mg in 1-2 doses Dizziness, muscle cramps, weakness, impaired hearing, hypokalemia |
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Triamterene with HCTZ
-Dyazide -Maxzide |
Diuretic
Edema:1-2 doses (37.5mg) BID HTN: 1-2 doses (37.5mg) QD Muscle cramps, weakness, dry mouth |
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Spironolactone
-Aldactone |
Diuretic
Edema: 25-200mg QD HTN: 25-100mg QD Weakness, paresthesia, confusion, dry mouth, muscle cramps |
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Hydrochlorothiazide
-Hydrodiuril -Microzide |
Thiazide Diuretic
Edema: 25-100mg in 1-2 doses HTN: 25mg QD Dry mouth, muscle cramps, weakness, photosensitivity PxCx: Avoid excess exposure to sunlight. PxCx: May be taken with/out food. |
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Thyroid (dessicated)
-Armour Thyroid |
Hormone
Hypothyroidism: 60-180mg QD Rare: nervousness, wgt loss, sweating |
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Levothyroxine
-Synthroid -Levoxyl -Levothroid |
Hormone (replacement)
25-300mcg QD Rare: hypermetabolic state PxCx: Notify physician if signs of hyperthyroidism. PxCx: Do not d/c without consulting physician. PxCx: Short term loss of hair in children |
|
Prednisone
-Deltasone |
Anti-inflammatory
5-60mg QD Blurred vision, upset stomach, N&V |
|
Methylprednisolone
-Medrol |
Anti-inflammatory
4-48mg QD Blurred vision, upset stomach, N&V |
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Tamsulosin
-Flomax |
Prostate anti-inflammatory
0.4-0.8mg QD Headache, dizziness, rhinitis |
|
Triamcinolone Acetonide
-Kenalog |
Topical corticosteroid (inflammation, pruritis)
Thin film 2-4 times/day Local burning, itching |
|
Clopidogrel bisulfate
-Plavix |
Hematological agent (platelett aggregation inhibitor)
Reduction of MI, stroke, atherosclerosis 75mg QD Upper respiratory infection, chest pain, flu-like symptoms PxCx: Can be taken with/out regard to meals. PxCx: Increased bleeding time. |
|
Ferrous sulfate
-Slow FE |
Iron deficiency anemia
200mg QD Constipation, N&V, heartburn |
|
Clonidine
-Catapres |
HTN
0.1-0.3mg BID Dry mouth, dry eyes, drowsy/dizzy |
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Doxazosin mesylate
-Cardura |
Alpha1 antagonist
HTN or BPH: 1-8mg QD Dizziness, headache, fatigue PxCx: For XL, take in morning with breakfast. PxCx: For XL, swallow whole, dont chew, crush, or split. PxCx: For XL, the tablet shell may be present in stool. |
|
Terazosin
-Hytrin |
HTN or BPH: 1-5mg QD
Dizziness, headache, asthenia |
|
Metoprolol tartrate
-Lopressor |
HTN: 100-450mg in 1-2 doses
Dizziness, fatigue, depression, SoB |
|
Metoprolol succinate
-Toprol XL |
Beta1 blocker
HTN: 25-100mg QD Angina: 100-400mg QD Dizziness, fatigue, SoB PxCx: Take with food to inc absorption. PxCx: May cause dizziness, caution when mental alertness req'd. PxCx: Do not d/c without consulting physician. |
|
Propranolol
-Inderal -Innopran |
Beta blocker
HTN: 80mg QD, (640mg max) Angina: 30-160mg divided doses Dizziness, fatigue, lightheadedness PxCx: Dont d/c without consulting physician. PxCx: May cause drowsiness, caution when mental alertness is req'd. |
|
Atenolol
-Tenormin |
HTN: 50-100mg QD
Angina: 50-200mg QD Dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness |
|
Carvedilol
-Coreg |
Beta and alpha1 blocker
HTN: 12.5mg BID Dizziness(32%) PxCx: Take with food to dec orthostatic hypotension. PxCx: Contact lens wearers may have dec'd lacrimation. PxCx: May cause drowsiness, caution when mental alertness is req'd. |
|
Quinapril
-Accupril |
HTN: 20-80mg in 1-2 doses
Angioedema, cough |
|
Lisinopril
-Prinivil -Zestril |
ACE inhibitor
HTN: 20-40mg QD Dizziness, headache PxCx: Avoid nonprescription cough, cold, and allergy meds. PxCx: Avoid k+ salt substitutes and supplements. |
|
Ramipril
-Altace |
HTN: 2.5-20mg in 1-2 doses
Angioedema, cough |
|
Enalapril maleate
-Vasotec |
ACE inhibitor
HTN: 5-40mg in 1-2 doses Dizziness, headache PxCx: D/C use if swelling occurs. PxCx: Avoid salt substitutes or supplements with k+. |
|
Benazepril
-Lotensin |
HTN: 20-80mg in 1-2 doses
Angioedema, cough |
|
Olmesartan medoxomil
-Benicar |
HTN: 20mg QD
Dizziness, back pain |
|
Olmesartan medoxomil with HCTZ
-Benicar HCT |
HTN: One tab (20-40/12.5-25mg) QD
Dizziness, upper respiratory infection |
|
Losartan potassium
-Cozaar |
Angiotensin 2 rx blocker
HTN: 25-100mg in 1-2 doses (shorthand for divided doses) Upper respiratory infection, dizziness PxCx: D/C if pregnant. PxCx: Can be taken with/out food. |
|
Valsartan
-Diovan |
Angiotensin 2 rx blocker
HTN: 80-320mg QD Well tolerated (headache, dizziness same as placebo) PxCx: D/C if pregnant. PxCx: Can be taken with/out food. |
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Valsartan with HCTZ
-Diovan HCT |
HTN: One tab (80-320/12.5-25mg) QD
Dizziness, fatigue, viral infection |
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Lisinopril with HCTZ
-Zestoretic -Prinzide |
HTN: 10-80mg/6.25-100mg QD
Dizziness, headache |
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Amlodipine besylate
-Norvasc |
HTN: 2.5-10mg QD
Edema, flushing |
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Amlodipine besylate with benazepril
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Lotrel
HTN: 2.5-10mg/10-40mg QD Angioedema |
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Diltiazem
-Cardizem -Cartia -Tiazac |
HTN: 240-360mg in 1-2 doses
Angina: 180-360mg in 3-4 doses Edema, bradycardia, flushing, AV block |
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Nifedipine
-Procardia -Nifedical XL -Adalet CC |
Ca+ channel blocker
Angina or HTN: 30-90mg QD Edema, palpitations, hypotension PxCx: Avoid grapefruit juice during therapy. PxCx: Take on empty stomach(one hour before or two hours after a meal). |
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Verapamil
-Isoptin -Calan -Verelen |
HTN: 120-240mg QD or BID
Angina: 260-480mg in divided doses q6-8h Hypotension, edema |
|
Nitroglycerin
-Nitrostat -Nitroquick |
Angina: 1-3 tabs (0.3-0.6mg each) within 15 minutes
Transient headache, N&V |
|
Isosorbide mononitrate
-Imdur |
Antianginal
Prophylactic angina: 30-120mg QD Headache(50%), dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision PxCx: Avoid alcohol. PxCx: Headaches are a sign of drug effectiveness, take aspirin or acetaminophen. |
|
Digoxin
-Lanoxin -Lanoxicaps -Digitek |
Cardiac glycoside
Inotropic agent (heart failure, atrial fib/flutter/tachy): 0.125-0.5mg QD Anorexia, N&V, gynecomastia PxCx: Dont d/c without consulting physician. PxCx: Dont take any nonprescription cough or cold meds, or antacids or laxatives. |
|
Amiodarone
-Cordarone -Pacerone |
Class 3 Antiarrhythmic(vent fib/tachy): 400mg QD
Hypotension, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, CHF |
|
Sildenafil citrate
-Viagra |
50mg prn 1 hr before boner
Headache, flushing |
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Warfarin sodium
-Coumadin -Jantoven |
Anticoagulant(pulmonary/atrial/venous embolisms): 2-10mg in 1-2 doses (note: 2 doses would be in divided doses, just shorthand)
Bleeding, fever, alopecia |
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Dipyridamole and aspirin
-Aggrenox |
Antiplatelet(to reduce risk of stroke): One capsule (200mg/25mg) BID
Headache, ab pain |
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Atorvastatin calcium
-Lipitor |
Antihyperlipidemic(dec cholesterol, inc HDL): 10-80mg QD
GI |
|
Simvastatin
-Zocor |
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Antihyperlipidemic(dec cholesterol, inc HDL): 10-40mg QD Constipation, rare: muscle pain PxCx: Avoid overexposure to sunlight. PxCx: Closely follow prescribed diet. |
|
Pravastatin sodium
-Pravachol |
Antihyperlipidemic(dec cholesterol, inc HDL): 10-40mg HS
Headache, rare: muscle pain |
|
Rosuvastatin calcium
-Crestor |
Antihyperlipidemic(dec cholesterol, inc HDL): 5-40mg QD
Myalgia, constipation, asthenia |
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Ezetimibe
-Zetia |
Antihyperlipidemic(dec cholesterol, inc HDL): 10mg tab QD
Myalgia, inc CPK, inc liver transaminases, hepatitis PxCx: Closely follow prescribed diet. PxCx: Take with/out meals. PxCx: Contact physician if signs of myopathy. |
|
Lovastatin
-Mevacor |
Antihyperlipidemic(primary hypercholesterolemia types 2a and 2b): 20-40mg HS
Headache, GI |
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Ezetimibe with simvastatin
-Vytorin |
Antihyperlipidemic(dec cholesterol, inc HDL): 10/20mg (starting dose) QD
Mild headache, upper respiratory infection |
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Fenofibrate
-Tricor |
Antihyperlipidemic(dec cholesterol, inc HDL): One 145mg tab QD
Abnormal liver function test |
|
Gemfibrozil
-Lopid |
Fibrate
Antihyperlipidemic(hyperlipidemias types 4 or 5): 600mg BID Dyspepsia(20%), ab pain PxCx: Contact physician if signs of myositis. PxCx: May cause dizziness or blurred vision, caution when alertness is req'd. |
|
Niacin ER
-Niaspan |
Antihyperlipidemic(dec cholesterol, inc HDL): 500-2000mg HS
Flushing(88%), pruritis, rash |