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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is a general characteristic of order enoplida?
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stichosome esophagus
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where are Trichinella spiralis found?
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all warm blooded animals; not species-specific. ZOONOTIC
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where are Trichinella pseudospiralis found?
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all warm blooded animals; not species-specific. ZOONOTIC
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where are Trichuris vulpis found?
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long intestine and cecum of the dog
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where are Trichuris campanula found?
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long intestine and cecum of the cat
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where are Trichuris ovis found?
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long intestine and cecum of sheep and goat
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where are Trichuris discolor found?
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long intestine and cecum of cattle
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where are Trichuris suis found?
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long intestine and cecum of swine
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where are Trichuris trichiura found?
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long intestine and cecum of humans
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where are Capillaria (Eucoleus) bohmi found?
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nasal sinuses, bronchi, trachea of dogs and cats
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where are Capillaria aerophilus found?
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nasal sinuses, bronchi, trachea of dogs and cats
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where are Capillaria plica found?
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bladder of cat and dog
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where are Capillaria feliscati found?
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badder of cats
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where are Capillaria putorii found?
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small intestine of cats, bears and raccoons
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where are Capillaria bovis found?
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small intestine of ruminants
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where are Capillaria brevipes found?
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small intestine of ruminants
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what is the morphology of Trichinella species?
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1.4-4mm stichosome esophagus. No eggs. No free-living forms
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what is the morphology of Trichuris species?
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50-80mm. Anterior 2/3 thin. Posterior 1/3 thick. Stichosome esophagus. Bipolar egg plugs (smooth surface)
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what is the morphology of Capillaria species?
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body is capillary-like. Male spicule sheath. Bipolar egg plugs (rough surface)
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what is the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis?
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adults in small intestine mucosa > viviparous, gives birth L1 > migrate through intestinal mucosa > lymphatics >bloodstream > muscles. Redirects muscle cell metabolism to support larval growth (fibrous capsule), remain at L1 (infective) until ingested > liberate from capsule, develop to adulthood in 2 days
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what is the life cycle of Trichinella pseudospiralis?
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L1 in muscle are unenccapsulated
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what is the life cycle of Trichuris species?
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adult females in L1 > produce eggs, 3 wks to develop infective L1 > eggs containing L1 infective and resistant in environment > eggs containing L1 ingested, hatch, penetrate mucosa for 8-10days, return to intestinal lumen to cecum/colon > develop to adults
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what is the life cycle of Capillaria (Eucoleus) bohmi & Capillaria aerophilus?
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infective stage is egg containing L1, L1 in earthworm paratenic host, L1 hatches in intestine, migrate to lungs > up bronchi (in epithelium)
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what is the life cycle of Capillaria plica & Capillaria feliscati?
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indirect; earthworms as intermediate host, unknown paratenic host
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what is the life cycle of Capillaria bovis & Capillaria brevipes?
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probably direct
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what is the life cycle of Capillaria putorii?
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unknown, probably indirect
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what is the pathogenesis of Trichinella species?
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clinical disease in humans, rarely other species. Transient enteritis from adults. Myositis/paralysis from L1 in muscles (respiratory muscles result in death), commonly diaphragm/esophagus
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what is the diagnosis of Trichinella species?
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clinical signs after eating undercooked meat; antibody titers, eosinophilia, muscle pain, facial edema
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what is the pathogenesis of Trichuris species?
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most severe in pigs and dogs. Inflammation of L1, hemorrhagic foci, eosinophil infiltration. Potentiates bacteril infection (ineffectual Th2 response)
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what is the clinical signs of Trichuris species?
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swine get severe dysentery, intermittently bloody, anorexia, anemia, weight loss. In dogs diarrhea and anorexia.
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what is the diagnosis of Trichuris species?
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it is difficult by fecal exam (larvae and immature adults cause disease; eggs are produced sporadically)
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what is the pathogenesis of Capillaria (Eucoleus) bohmi & Capillaria aerophilus?
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sligh cough but in fox causes severe bronchitis
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what is the pathogenesis of Capillaria plica & Capillaria feliscati?
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possibly cystitis? Usually asymptomatic. Eggs in urine sediment
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what is the life cycle of Capillaria bovis & Capillaria brevipes?
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none in cat
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what is the life cycle of Capillaria putorii?
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none
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how do we treat Trichinella spiralis?
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examine meat for fibour capsules (Europe), cook pork thoroughly (USA). Restrict garbage feeding in pigs; rodent control. No treatment is feasible for pigs. In humans albendazole or fenbendazole + pyrantel, steroids
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how do we treat Trichinella pseudospiralis?
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monitoring can't rely on looking for capsule like spiralis
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what is the prepatent period for Trichuris species?
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12 wks in dogs, 6 wks in pigs
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what is the common name for Trichuris species?
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whipworms
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how do we treat Trichuris species?
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eggs highly resistant and larvae long lived. Change nvironment and repeat treatment. Dugs do not kill larval stages or immature adults during first 2 months of infection in dogs. Treat q3w (remove larvae that are over 9 wks old) then redose at 3 weeks; recheck in 3 months. use milbemycin/interceptor dosed q3w
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how do we treat Capillaria species?
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levamisole, fenbendazole, or ivermectin. Prevent access to paratenic hosts; sanitation to minimize egg contamination.
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