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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
histamine
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most imp mediator
synthesized by basophils/ mast cells vasodilator/ inc. vessel perm, important in anaphylactic shock, causes wheal and flare |
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serotonin
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released/ syn by basophils/mast cells/ platelets
synthesized from tryptophan important in carcinoid syndrome |
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what is the fxn of serotonin?
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vasodilator/ inc. vessel permeability
neurotransmitter |
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what are the fxns of C3a/C5a?
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anaphylotoxins
directly stimulate histamine release from basophils/ mast cells important in tissue swelling and shock |
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what is the fxn of C3b?
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opsinizing agent
neutrophils/monocytes/ macrophages have receptors |
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what does C5a do?
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anaphylotoxin and chemotactic agent
activates cascade that lead to LOX pathway adhesion molecule synthesis on neutrophils |
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what does bradykinin do?
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stimulates vasodilation, inc. vessel permeability, and causes pain
also a bronchoconstrictor cough and angioedema with ACE inhibitors |
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Tell me what you know about prostoglandins in general
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derived from arachadonic acid (called eiconisoids)
released from phospholipids in cell membranes by activation of phospholipase A2 synthesized from linoleic acid *most prostoglandins are vasodilators/ inc. vessel permeability |
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what is Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)?
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PGH2 is converted by platelet-derived thromboxane synthase into TXA2
prodcut of arachadonic acid metabolism TXB2 is the end product of its metabolism |
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What does TXA2 do?
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vasoconstricts and stimulates platelet aggregation
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How is prostacyclin (PGI2) made?
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PGH2 is converted by endothelial cell dervied prostacylclin synthase into PGI2
*prostacyclin synthase is not inhibited to any significant degree by aspirin and NSAIDs |
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what does PGI2 do?
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vasodilates
inhibits platelet aggregation |
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What does PGE2 do?
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*makes skin hypersensitive to pain
*vasodilates in kidney(blocked by NSAIDS, but not by acetominophen) *Inc. renal blood flow *Dec. renal absorption of Na *inc. gastric mucosa blood flow *activates osteoclasts *imp in fever production *inhibits platelet aggregation/IL-1 and IL2/leukocyte aggregation |
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what does PGF2a do?
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constricts uterine muscles
vasoconstricts/bronchoconstricts |
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what does PGD2?
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vasodilates and increases vessel permeability
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what does LTB4 do?
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adhesion molecule synthesis on neutrophils
chemotactic agent for neutrophils *derived from arachodonic acid |
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What do LTC-D-E4 do?
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bronchoconstrict and vasoconstrict
important in asthma * derived from AA |
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what does nitric oxide do?
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vasodilator/ increases vessel permeability
inportant in shock *endothelial cell derived |
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What is the main Ig of acute inflammattion?
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IgM
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What is endothelin? what does it do?
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potent vaosconstrictor in endothelial cells
important in shock |
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What are the fxns of Hageman factor XII?
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activates intrinsic coagulation system
activates plasminogin in fibrolytic system actiavates kinin system--> bradykinin prodxn *important in the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) |
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What is the main Ig in chronic inflammation?
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IgG
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What are the functions of IL-1?
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*fever: stimulates PGE2 synthesis in anterior hypothalamus
*B Cell stimulation to synthesize Igs *activates osteoclasts *increases adhesion molecule synthesis by endothelial cells *increases liver synthesis of acute phase reactants |
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what does interferon-y do?
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activates macrophages to kill microbial pathogens
antiviral activity induces MHC antigens increases production of IL-2 and IL-12 by CD4-T helper cells * produced by CD4 T helper cells |
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IL-2: source and fxn?
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made by CD4 T helper cells
primarily a T cell growth factor promotes B cell/ NK cell proliferation |
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IL-3: source and fxn?
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T cells, thymic epithelial cells
stimulates proliferation of T cells, B cells, and NK cells activates monocytes increases hematopoiesis |
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IL-4: source and fxn?
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activated T Cells
mainly promotes growth of B Cells enhances expression of HLA class II antigens switch of IgM synthesis in B cells to IgE syn in type I hypersensitivity rxns |
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IL-5: source and fxn?
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T cells and mast cells
promotes end stage maturationof B cells into plasma cells IgE synthesis, growth of eosinophils |
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IL-6: source and fxn?
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T cells, monocytes/macrophages, others
promotes maturation of B and T cells inhibits growth of fibroblasts stimulates synthesis of acute phase reactants in liver in acute inflammation |
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IL-12: source and fxn?
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macrophages
promotes growth of CD8 T cells differentiation of CD4 T helper cells into Th1 and Th2 classes - imp in granuloma formation - imp in prodxn of memory T cells promotes interferon-y production enhances NK activity |
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Interferon-alpha (IFN-a): source and fxn?
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B cells and macrophages
antivral activity |
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IFN-B: source and fxn?
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Fibroblasts
antiviral activity |
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (cahectin): source and fxn?
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macrophages, T cells, and NK cells
Stimulates T cell proliferation and IL-2 production, cytotoxic to some tumor cells |
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TNF-B:source and fxn?
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T cells
Stimulates T cell proliferation and IL-2 production, cytotoxic to some tumor cells |
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What vasoactive mediator mediates vasoconstriction?
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TxA2
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 PAF |
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What vasoactive mediator mediates vasodilation?
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PGI2
PGD2, PGE2, PGF2a Bradykinin PAF |
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What vasoactive mediator mediates Increased vascular permeability?
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Histamine
serotonin PGD2, PGE2, PGF2a LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 bradykinin PAF Nitric oxide |