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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inflammation definition
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body's localized response to injury and infection
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cells usually exit bloodstream through...
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intercellular spaces in postcapillary venules
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"hallmark" of inflammation
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infiltration of tissue with any class of leukocyte
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neutrophil vs. lymphocytes and monocytes (types of inflammation)
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neutrophil = acute
lympho/monocytes = chronic |
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when can chronic inflammation occur?
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either after acute inflammation or by itself, without prior acute inflammation. therefore chronic inflammation (and acute) is characterized by the types of cells it induces rather than kinetics.
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major types of leukocytes and general function of each (3)
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1) T and B lymphocytes- mediate antigen specific immunity
2) Neutrophils- phagocytose bacteria, dead cells and debris. part of innate (non-specific) immune system 3) Monocytes- also phagocytic, functionally similar to neutrophils |
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properties of acute inflammation (4)
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1) takes place rapidly after stimulus (transient)
2) infiltration of tissue with neutrophils 3) phagocytose and kill bacteria (abscess) and remove necrotic tissue (clean up) 4) part of innate immune system meaning it is non-specific and does not use antigens to ID attackers |
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neutrophil (and monocyte) phagocytosis steps (4)
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1) Recognition/attachment: microbes bind to surface receptors of neutrophil/monocyte
2) Engulfment: phagocyte membrane zips up around membrane 3) Ingestion: phagosome fuses with lysosome (phagolysosome) 4) Digestion: breakdown of microbe via hydrolytic enzymes and, in neutrophils, also ROI and NO (reactive oxygen intermediates) |
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histology of acute inflammation
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holes in tissue (necrotic; hydrolytic enzymes got too excited)
liquefaction- abscess acute inflammation = heavy concentration of neutrophils (black/blue dots) |
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neutrophil histology
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multi-lobed nuclei
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abscesses
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can be difficult to treat and lethal if occurring in certain parts of the body
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acute inflammation series of events (3)
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1) increased blood flow to area
2) extravasation (movement from bloodstream to tissue) and deposition of fluid and plasma proteins that leak out of blood stream 3) emigration of neutrophils/monocytes through capillaries to surrounding tissues and site of inflammation |
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what causes edema in early acute inflammation?
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increased blood flow to area = vasodilation
vasodilation increases hydrostatic pressure in microcirculation which results in fluid and plasma protein leaving capillaries and entering tissue changes to physical vessel structure (endothelial cell retraction) |
