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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define "FORDYCE GRANULES"
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- ectopic sebaceous glands in the oral mucosa
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Define "ECTOPIC"
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- normal tissue in an abnormal location
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What is the etiology of FORDYCE GRANULES?
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developmental
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FORDYCE GRANULES are most commonly found where?
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- buccal mucosa
- lateral portions of the vermillion of the upper lip |
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What is the clinical presentation of FORDYCE GRANULES?
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- asymptomatic
- multiple white yellow papular lesions |
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How is a diagnosis of FORDYCE GRANULES made?
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usually based on clinical criteria
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What complications may arise with FORDYCE GRANULES?
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- rarely solitary sebacious gland may undergo adenomatous hyperplasia
- keratin-filled pseudocyst |
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Define "LEUKOEDEMA"
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- common alteration of oral epithelium characterized by accumulation of fluid (edema) in the spinous layer
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LEUKOEDEMA is more pronounced in which demographic:?
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smokers
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What is the most common localization of LEUKOEDEMA?
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- blateral buccal mucosa
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How is a diagnosis of LEUKOEDEMA confirmed?
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- affected mucosa should be stretched during clinical examination - the white appearance greatly diminishes or disappears when the cheek is everted and stretched
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What is the treatment of LEUKOEDEMA?
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- no treatment
- smoking cessation results in good prognosis |
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Define "AGLOSSIA"
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no tongue
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Define MICROGLOSSIA:
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- uncommon condition characterized by abnormal small tongue
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MICROGLOSSIA is MOSTLY associated with _____ and frequently associated with _______.
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a) syndromes
b) hypoplasia of the mandible and lower incisors may be missing |
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Define SYNDROME:
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combination of signs and symptoms occurring commonly enough to constitute a distinct clinical entity
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What are the two most frequent causes of MACROGLOSSIA?
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- vascular malformation
- muscular hypertrophy |
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What are the first signs of manifestation of MACROGLOSSIA in infants?
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- noisy breathing
- drooling - difficulty eating |
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MACROGLOSSIA may produce what clinical features?
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- open bite
- mandibular prognathism - eating problems - lisping speech - crenations of lateral border of the tongue - tongue may ulcerate and become secondarily infected - if SEVERE may produce airway obstruction |
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MACROGLOSSIA is a characteristic feature of what syndrome?
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Beckwith-Wideman syndrome
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What treatment is done in symptomatic patients with MACROGLOSSIA?
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- reduction glossectomy
- may benefit from speech therapy in mild cases |
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Define ANKYLOGLOSSIA:
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abnormal attachment of the lingual frenum, limiting tongue mobility
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What is the etiology of ANKYLOGLOSSIA?
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developmental
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What are some complications of ANKYLOGLOSSIA?
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- speech problems
- clefting of tongue tip - periodontal problems due to high mucogingival attachment of the lingual frenum |
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Define LINGUAL THROID:
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ectopic thyroid tissue located on posterior dorsal tongue
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Most (90%) of ectopic thyroids are found in what region?
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FORAMEN CAECUM AND EPIGLOTTIS
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What are the most common symptoms of LINGUAL THYROID?
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- dysphagia (difficulty eating)
- dysphonia (difficulty speaking) - dyspnea (difficulty breathing) |
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Which systemic condition has been reported in up to 1/3 of LINGUAL THYROID patients?
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HYPOthyroidism
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Why is a biopsy often avoided in LINGUAL THYROID cases?
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Because in 70% of cases this ectopic gland is the patients only functioning thyroid tissue
- risk of hemorrhage is large |
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How is a diagnosis made of LINGUAL THYROID?
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thyroid scan using iodine isotopes or technetium 99m
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Identify the developmental defect:
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ANKYLOGLOSSIA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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ANKYLOGLOSSIA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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ANKYLOGLOSSIA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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ANKYLOGLOSSIA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FORDYCE GRANULES
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Identify the developmental defect:
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LEUKOEDEMA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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LEUKOEDEMA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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LEUKOEDEMA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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LEUKOEDEMA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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MICROGLOSSIA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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MICROGLOSSIA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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MACROGLOSSIA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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MACROGLOSSIA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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MACROGLOSSIA
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Identify the developmental defect:
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LINGUAL THYROID
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Identify the developmental defect:
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LINGUAL THYROID
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Identify the developmental defect:
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LINGUAL THYROID
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FISSURED TONGUE
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FISSURED TONGUE
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FISSURED TONGUE
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FISSURED TONGUE
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Identify the developmental defect:
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GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE
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Identify the developmental defect:
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FISSURED TONGUE
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Identify the developmental defect:
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HAIRY TONGUE
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Identify the developmental defect:
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HAIRY TONGUE
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Identify the developmental defect:
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HAIRY TONGUE
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Identify the developmental defect:
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HAIRY TONGUE
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS PALATINUS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS PALATINUS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS PALATINUS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS PALATINUS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS PALATINUS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS PALATINUS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS PALATINUS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Identify the developmental defect:
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TORUS MANDIBULARIS
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Define "VARICOSITY"
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a varicosity , or venous varix, is a type of acquired vascular malformation that represents focal dilation of a single vein
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What is the most common location of VARICOSITIES?
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sublingual varices on ventral surface of the tongue and lateral border of the tongue
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SOLITARY VARICES of the lips and buccal mucosa may need surgical removal why?
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- TO CONFIRM DIAGNOSIS:
- phlebolith, thrombus formation, or esthetic purposes |
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Define EXOSTOSES:
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localized bony protruberances that arise from the cortical plate
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What are the two most common EXOSTOSES?
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- torus mandibularis
- torus palatinus |
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EXOSTOSES are usually removed for which reasons?
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- if frequent trauma occurs
- for prosthetic reasons and to allow proper flap adaptation during periodontal surgery |
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Define STAFNE BONE DEFECT:
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focal concavity of the cortical bone on the lingual surface of the mandible
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What is the radiographic presentation of a STAFNE BONE DEFECT?
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- well circumscribed radiolucency with sclerotic borders, BELOW THE MANDIBULAR CANAL
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What is the treatment for a STAFNE BONE DEFECT?
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no treatment necessary
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HEMIFACIAL HYPERPLASIA occurs more often on whcih side of the body?
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RIGHT SIDE
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HEMIFACIAL HYPERPLASIA occurs more commonly in which gender?
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Females (2:1)
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What are the FOUR types of HYPERPLASIA?
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1. Complex hyperplasia (one whole side of the body)
2. Simple hyperplasia (single digit) 3. Segmental hyperplasia (a limb) 4. Hemifacial hyperplasia (one side of face) |
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Patients with HEMIFACIAL HYPERPLASIA have increased incidence of what?
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abdominal tumours
20% have mental retardation |
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What are the ORAL FEATURES of HEMIFACIAL HYPERPLASIA?
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- unilateral macroglossia
- mandibular canal and teeth can be larger - malocclusion with open bite - premature developemnt of the affected teeth along with precocious eruption |