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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are Xenobiotics:
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chemicals normally foreign to biologic systems
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what 2 organs suffer the effects of ingested chemicals?
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kidney and liver
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in general, what are the 2 pathological effects seen in smoking/tobacco?
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restrictive (asthma) and obstructive disease (chronic bronchitis, and COPD)
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what is the highest form of cancer associated with tobacco?
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strongest relationship for squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma
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please list some of the places you can have neoplasm associated with smoking?
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Larynx; oral cavity/pharynx; esophagus; urinary bladder; uterine cervix; pancreas; kidney
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what is the most widely abused chemical agent in the world?
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alcohol
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Acute intoxication causes what?
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CNS depression
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Chronic alcoholism effects what?
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Liver disease (steatosis, steatohepatitis)
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pancreatic carcinoma as a result of pancreatitis can result from what?
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alcoholism
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what can happen to the endocrine system in males wtih chronic alcohol use
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TESTICULAR ATROPHY... OHHHH NOOOO
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Megaloblastic anemia is associated wtih what?
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alcoholism
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what causes metabolic acidosis?
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Methanol
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if you have a person with optic nerve ganglion cell necrosis (blindness) what should you be thinking?
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methanol overuse
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ON TEST
if you see oxalate crystals collecting in renal tubules leading to renal failure, what should you be thinking is the cause? |
Ethylene glycol
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if you see Metabolic acidosis due to oxalic acid what is the cause
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Ethylene glycol
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what does benzene do to you?
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Acute: CNS depression -->respiratory failure
Chronic: bone marrow failure and leukemia |
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an organophosphate can be seen in agricultural use. what do they do if chronically exposed?
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acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors
can paralyze your diaphragm |
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what is Pneumoconioses
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progressive fibrosing pulmonary disease caused by inhalation of aerosolized particles
gets into alveoli |
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please describe Coal-Workers Pneumoconiosis
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Anthracosis is excessive, grossly visible carbon dust pigmentation in intrapulmonary lymph nodes
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what is Caplan syndrome
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pneumoconiosis + rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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mesothelioma is associated with?
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Asbestosis
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you have a shipyard worker, doing insulation work what should you start thinking
TEST |
Asbestosis
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you have an autorepair worker presenting with a cough what should you start thinking
TEST |
Asbestosis
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what do you see with Asbestosis (3 things)
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interstitial fibrosis
mesotheliomas bronchogenic carcinoa |
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What is the most common cancer to form with exposure to asbestos?
ON TEST***** |
Bronchogenic carcinoma
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Cigarette smoking + asbestos exposure will have a synergistic effect leading to what disease?
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Bronchogenic carcinoma
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you have a man that comes in. his occupation is a sandblaster. he has nodular fibrosis in the upper lobes of the lungs.
what does he have? |
Silicosis
due to Exposure to silicon dioxide |
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if you have a patient with TB and multiple lung nodules what should you be thinking?
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Silicosis
due to Exposure to silicon dioxide |
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man comes in who works around nuclear reactors. he has acute pneumonitis (lots of coughing, and fever)
what does he have? |
Berylliosis
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man comes in with noncaseating granulomas of the lung. he reports having worked in the aerospace industry, what does he have? is it chronic or actute?
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Berylliosis
chronic |
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Vinyl chloride
leads to? |
Plastic industry: liver angiosarcoma
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scrotal cancer seen from?
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Soot (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)
Chimney sweeps |
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Uranium and radon gas
leads to |
lung cancer
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you see a dead patient on autopsy, you see a bright cherry red discoloration of the mucous membrane, what is this?
**on test!!! |
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning
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b-naphthylamine
seen in what pts? associated with what? |
Dye makers and rubber workers: bladder cancer
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Benzo[a]pyrene
associated with what pts, leads to? |
Steel mills and cigarette smoke: lung and bladder cancer
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carbon tetrachloride is seen in what patient? leads to?
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Dry cleaners: liver and kidney toxicity
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what is the most common form of poisoning in children?
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lead based paint
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if you see microcytic anemia in a child what are you thinking?
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LEAD POISONING
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if you see Mees lines (transverse bands in the finger nails) and the pt has garlic breath, what does this person have?
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arsenic poisoning
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you have a patient with bitter almond scented breath, they have systemic asphyxia, what do they have?
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cyanide poisoning
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what 2 things can happen with radiation?
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somatic cell killing (DNA damage leading to apoptosis)
Neoplastic transformation due to change in DNA |
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how does non-ionizing radiation cause damage?
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Absorption of energy does not ionize molecules but can produce heat – could induce thermal damage
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Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is what ?
ON THE TEST!!! |
insufficient:
Energy Essential AA and FA for structural integrity |
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what is primary Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?
secondary? |
Primary: insufficient quantity in diet
Secondary: adequate supply, but inability to absorb, process, store or utilize |
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what is marasmus? (please list 4 things to describe it)
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Severe reduction in caloric intake
>60% reduction in normal body weight (for gender and height) Serum albumin is normal or mildly reduced Growth retardation and loss of muscle mass (somatic compartment primarily affected |
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what is Kwashiorkor?
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Severity of PROTEIN malnutrition disproportionately greater that total caloric deprivation
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what type of protein is lost in Kwashiorkor? what does this lead to?
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Loss of visceral protein is profound
(liver) Severe hypoalbuminemia with resultant edema (this is those kids with the big bellies in africa) |
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what does Vitamin C deficiency lead to?
ON TEST |
scurvy
needed for producing collagen see bleeding gums |