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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the appropriate size endotracheal tube for a term newborn?
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3.5
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Relative to the location of the adult airway in the neck, the child's airway is
a. anterior and higher b. posterior and higher c. posterior and lower d. anterior and lower |
a. anterior and higher
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What comprises initial emergent treatment for congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
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intubation, OG tube placement, IV hydration, and surgical repair.
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What are the structural lesions of Tetralogy of Fallot?
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pulmonary stenosis, VSD, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta
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Which of the following lesions is an acyanotic heart lesion?
a. transposition of the great vessels b. aortic stenosis c. total anomalous pulmonary venous return d. tricuspid atresia |
b. aortic stenosis
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If a patient has biphasic stridor, where is the airway obstruction?
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below the larynx
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What is the infectious agent causing bronchiolitis?
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respiratory syncytial virus
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What is the usual causative agent of croup?
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Parainfluenza
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All of the following poisonings may be associated with hyperpyrexia except
a. atropine b. salicylates c. amphetamines d. acetaminophen |
d. acetaminophen
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The most common causative agent of bacterial otitis media is what?
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s. pneumo
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In a 3 week old, the constellation of patchy bilateral pneumonia, hypoxia, nasal congestion, and bilateral conjunctivitis is caused by what organism?
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
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Respiratory arrest
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You attempt to defibrillate a child weighing 20 kg. How many joules should you use for your initial attempt?
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40 J
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When using an ET tube to administer epinephrine, how should the dose compare to IV route of administration?
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ET tube administration should be 10 times the IV dose
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What is the most accurate method to determine ET size in a child?
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A length-based resuscitation tape such as a Broslow tape.
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You just delivered a baby in a rural ED. At one minute, the child is limp, has a slow and irregular respiratory effort, a HR of 80, acrocyanosis, and some reflex irritability. What is his APGAR?
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APGAR 4
1 for resp, 1 for HR, 1 for color, 1 for cry, 0 for tone |
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You evaluate a 2-year-old for a retropharyngeal abscess with a soft tissue neck. What is the appropriate positioning for an accurate film?
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The film should be taken during inspiration with the neck in slight extension.
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Which of the following is not one of the criteria to diagnose Kawasaki syndrome?
a. fever >5days b. EKG changes c. polymorphous rash d. bilateral nonsuppurative conjunctivitis |
b. EKG changes
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Who is at greatest risk for apnea from RSV?
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Premies and children less than 6 months of age
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What is the appropriate treatment for Kawasaki syndrome?
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admission for IV gamma globulin and high dose ASA therapy
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All of the following are characteristic of simple febrile seizures except
a. duration <15 minutes b. generalized tonic clonic c. multiple episodes in a 24 hour period d. absence of focal postictal neurologic deficits |
c. multiple episodes in a 24 hour period
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What is the most reliable sign of acute otitis media?
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decreased mobility of the tympanic membrane on pneumatic otoscopy
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What is the antibiotic of choice for treatment of otitis media?
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amoxicillin
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What are the most common extracranial and intracranial complications of otitis media?
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extracranial: hearing loss and TM perforation
intracranial: meningitis |
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The major cause of CSF shunt-associated mortality is what?
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infection
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What organism most commonly causes CSF shunt infections?
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Staph species
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What is the most common sign/symptom of CSF shunt infection?
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fever
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What agent(s) should you use to treat presumed bacteremia in a neonate?
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ampicillin plus gent or
ampicillin plus cefotaxime |
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When treating a febrile neonate, what organisms do you worry about as infectious agents?
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group B strep, E coli, Listeria
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What are the common etiologic agents of pneumonia in children aged 5 and older?
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1. mycoplasma
2. viruses 3. strep pneumo |
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A sixth month old appears toxic, is febrile and drooling. What is the likely diagnosis?
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Retropharyngeal abscess
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A 2 year old has pneumonia in the RLL. She has had 2 previous episodes of pneumonia in the same place over the last 6 months. What is the likely diagnosis?
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Occult foreign body
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A one month old presents to the ED with a skull fracture. Caregiver states the baby rolled off a changing table. What is the diagnosis?
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Child abuse.
Children do not roll at one month. |
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What bone is the most commonly fractured in children?
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Clavicle
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When do children develop a social smile?
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1 to 2 months
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What's the most common cause of painless rectal bleeding in an infant?
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1. fissure
2. swallowed maternal blood 3. feed intolerance |
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What is the most common cause of massive painless rectal bleeding in children less than 5 years old?
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Meckel's diverticulum
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What are complications other than bleeding associated with a Meckel's diverticulum?
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Intussusception, internal hernia, volvulus
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1 week old presents with bilious vomiting, abdominal tenderness, a palpable abdominal mass, and blood-streaked stool. Abdominal x-ray shows a paucity of bowel gas. What is the likely diagnosis, and how is it treated?
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Midgut volvulus. Treated with IV resuscitation, NGT decompression, and immediate surgical consultation.
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A 2 year old presents with bilious vomiting and heme positive stools. The child seems lethargic with intermittant screaming. What is the diagnosis, and how is it treated?
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Intussusception is the most common cause of obstruction in children 3 months to 5 years of age, and it is treated with enema reduction or surgical reduction.
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What is the age below which you should use an uncuffed tube when intubating?
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8 years old
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What is the age below which a needle cricothyroidotomy should be done rather than the open procedure?
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12 years old
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What is the dose of atropine when resuscitating a child?
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0.02 mg/kg, not less than 0.1 mg
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What is the most common cause of death and disability in children greater than one year of age?
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Trauma
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