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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disseminate |
spread (something, especially information) widely |
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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy |
Chemotherapy given prior to surgery to shrink the cancer. |
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Adjulvant Chemotherapy |
is used as a supplemental treatment to attack micrometastases following surgery and radiation treatment |
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Classification: According to chemical structure and resource of drug |
Alkylating Agents, Antimetabolite, Antibiotics, Plant Extracts, Hormones, Others. |
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CCNSA |
Cell cycle nonspecific agents |
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CCNSA: drugs that are active throughout the cell cycle |
Alkylating agents Platinum compounds Antibiotics |
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CCSA: drugs that act during a specific phase of the cell cycle |
S Phase Specific Drugs: Antimetabolites, Topoisomerase inhibitors M Phase Specific Drugs: Vinca alkaloids, Taxanes G2 Phase Specific Drug: Bleomycin |
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Mechanism of Antimetabolites Action |
Block Nucleic Acid (DNA,RNA) Biosynthesis |
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Folic Acid Antagonist |
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (methotrexate) |
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Pyrimidine Antagonist |
inhibits thymidylate synthetase (fluorouracil) inhibits DNA polymerase (cytarabine) |
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Purine Antagonist |
inhibits interconversion of purine nucleotide (mercaptopurinr) |
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Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase Antagonist |
Hydroxyurea |
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Mechanism (Interfering in Protein Synthesis) |
– Anti-tubulin: vinca alkaloids and taxanes; bind tubulin and destroy spindle to produce mitotic arrest – Influence amino acid supply: L-asparaginase |
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CCNSA: drugs that are active throughout the cell cycle |
Alkylating agents Platinum compounds Antibiotics |
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CCSA: drugs that act during a specific phase of the cell cycle |
S Phase Specific Drugs: Antimetabolites, Topoisomerase inhibitors M Phase Specific Drugs: Vinca alkaloids, Taxanes G2 Phase Specific Drug: Bleomycin |
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First Mechanism of Anticancer drugs Action |
Block Nucleic Acid (DNA,RNA) Biosynthesis [Antimetabolites] |
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Folic Acid Antagonist |
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (methotrexate) |
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Pyrimidine Antagonist |
inhibits thymidylate synthetase (fluorouracil) inhibits DNA polymerase (cytarabine) |
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Purine Antagonist |
inhibits interconversion of purine nucleotide (mercaptopurinr) |
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Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase Antagonist |
Hydroxyurea |
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Mechanism (Interfering in Protein Synthesis) |
– Anti-tubulin: vinca alkaloids and taxanes; bind tubulin and destroy spindle to produce mitotic arrest – Influence amino acid supply: L-asparaginase |
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Mechanism (Interfere Transcription and block RNA Synthesis) |
Bind with DNA to block RNA production (doxorubicin) |
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Mechanism (Influence Structure and Function of DNA) — Alylatig Agent |
Cyclophosphamide and Busulfan |
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Mechanism (Influence Structure and Function of DNA) — Platinum |
Cisplatin and Carboplatin |
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Mechanism (Influence Structure and Function of DNA) — Antibiotic |
Bleomycin and Mitomycin C |
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Mechanism (Influence Structure and Function of DNA) — Topoisomerase inhibitor |
Camptothecine and Podophyllotoxin |
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Mechanism (Influence Hormone Homeostasis) |
Drugs bind to hormone receptors to block the actions of sex hormones which results in inhibition of tumour growth |
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone inhibitor |
Leuprolide and Goserelin |
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Adverse Effect 1 |
Myelosuppression (is the dose-limiting adverse effect for alkylating agents) |
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Adverse Effect 2 |
Nausea and Vomiting (are common) |
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Adverse Effect 3 |
Teratogenesis and Gonadal Atrophy |
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Adverse Effect 4 |
Hair Fall |
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Adverse Effect 5 |
Risk of Infection |
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Adverse Effect 6 |
Major risk of Carcinogenesis |
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Alkylating Agents: Chemical Warfare during World War I. They were known as (nitrogen mustard gases) |
inhibit cell growth, especially of bone marrow inhibit the growth of cancer cells |
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Alkylating Agents Bis Chloroethyl Amines |
Cyclophosphamide and Chlorambucil |
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Alkylating Agents Nitrosoureas |
Carmustine and Lomustine |
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Alkylating Agents Ethyeneammonium |
Thiotepa and Triethylene melamine |
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Alkylating Agents Alkysulfonates |
Busulfan |
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Antimetabolites |
are S phase specific drugs that are structural analogues of essential metabolites and that interfere with DNA synthesis – Myelosuppression is the dose-limiting toxicity for all drugs in this class |
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Antimetabolites Classification |
Folic acid antagonist: MTX Purine antagonist: 6MP Pyrimidine antagonist: 5FU |
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Antibiotics Classification |
Adriamycin (Anthracyclin antibiotic) Mitomycin C Bleomycin Actinomycin D |
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Anti-Cancer Plant Alkaloids |
Tubulin Binding Agents: - Taxanes: Paclitaxel - Vinca alkaloids |
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Indication of Vinblastine |
is used in combination with Bleomycin and Cisplatin for metastatic testicular tumours |
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Indication of Vincristine |
is used in combination with prednisone to induce remission in childhood leukaemia |
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Estrogen antagonists |
are used in treatment of breast cancer (e.g. Tamoxifen) |
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Androgen antagonists |
are used in treatment of prostate cancer |
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Corticosteroids |
are useful in treating lymphocytic leukaemias and lymphomas (e.g. Prednisolone) |
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Monoclonal Antibodies (Mabs) |
Drugs developed by hybridoma technology |
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Hybridomas |
are produced by fusing mouse antibody-producing cells with malignant plasma cells. |
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Estrogen antagonists |
are used in treatment of breast cancer (e.g. Tamoxifen) |
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Problems with Cancer Chemotherapy |
- Drug Resistance - Drug Toxicity |
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Chemotherapy Protocols |
- CAF: Breast cancer - CHOP: Lymphoma |
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Androgen antagonists |
are used in treatment of prostate cancer |
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Corticosteroids |
are useful in treating lymphocytic leukaemias and lymphomas (e.g. Prednisolone) |
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Monoclonal Antibodies (Mabs) |
Drugs developed by hybridoma technology Biological drugs produced against specific antigens (drug targets) |
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Hybridomas |
are produced by fusing mouse antibody-producing cells with malignant plasma cells. |
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Names of Mabs |
"muro" if they are from a murine (mouse) source (e.g. Muromonab) "xi" if they are chimerized (mixed murine and human) (e.g. Basiliximab) "zu" if they are humanized (e.g. Declizumab) |
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Suffix "mab" |
identifies the category of the drug |
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Rituximab |
(Anti CD20) for treatment of lymphoma |
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Trastuzumab |
(Anti HER/2) for treatment of breast cancer |
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Imatinib |
immunological agent for CML |
