Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Tactical Tenets
|
• Achieving a decision.
• Gaining an advantage. • Being faster. • Adapting. • Cooperating. • Exploiting success and finishing. |
|
Nine Principals of War
|
MOOSEMUSS
- Mass - Objective - Offensive - Security - Economy of Force - Maneuver - Unity of Command - Surprise - Simplicity |
|
Art of Tactics
|
How we creatively form and apply military force
|
|
Science of Tactics
|
The technical application of military power
|
|
Mass
(Principals of War) |
concentrating the effects of combat power at the decisive place and time to achieve decisive results
|
|
Objective
(Principals of War) |
direct[ing] every military operation toward a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable objective.”
|
|
Offensive
(Principals of War) |
seiz[ing], retain[ing], and exploit[ing] the initiative.
|
|
Security
(Principals of War) |
never permit[ing] the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage.”
|
|
Economy of Force
(Principals of War) |
allocat[ing] minimum essential combat power to secondary efforts.”
|
|
Maneuver
(Principals of War) |
- place the enemy in a disadvantageous position through the flexible application of combat power.
- taking action to generate and exploit some kind of advantage over the enemy as a means of accomplishing our objectives as effectively as possible. |
|
Unity of Command
(Principals of War) |
for every objective, [we] ensure unity of effort under one responsible commander.”
|
|
Surprise
(Principals of War) |
strike the enemy at a time or place or in a manner for which he is unprepared.”
|
|
Simplicity
(Principals of War) |
Clear, uncomplicated plans and clear, concise orders ensures thorough understanding and ease of execution
|
|
Understand the situation (Achieving a Decision)
|
- This is the first step
- what is happening, how it is happening, how it might further develop |
|
METT-TC
|
1. Mission
2. Enemy 3. Terrain and weather 4. Troops and Fire Support available 5. Time and Civil considerations |
|
Analytical Decision Making (Achieving a Decision)
|
- most comprehensive and accurate type
- Time available allows for detailed review of the situation and comparison of multiple options |
|
Intuitive Decision Making (Achieving a Decision)
|
- Pattern recognition
- the ability to understand the significance and dynamics of a situation with very little information - Building a complete picture with little information |
|
Characteristics of Marine Corps Communication
|
- Flexibility
- Reliability - Security - COMSEC - Frequency Hopping - Speed - Survivability - Interoperability |
|
Types of Communication
|
- Messenger [most secure]
- Wire (telephone) - Sound (drums, buglers) - Visual (hand + arm signals) - Radio [least secure] - Data [variable security] |
|
Radio Waves
|
Energy in the form of electromagnetic waves that propagate through space at the speed of light.
|
|
Frequency
|
Measured in the number of waves generated (cycles) per second. One cycle per second is one hertz (Hz). At the infantry battalion level, the radios operate on frequencies in the megahertz (MHz) (millions of cycles per second) range.
|
|
Wavelength
|
The spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats
The longer wavelength (lower frequency) allows the wave to bend around and over larger obstacles, such as hills or buildings. As the wavelength shortens (increase in frequency), the waves ability to bend around obstacles decreases. |
|
Ground Wave
|
Travel from the transmitting antenna along the surface of the earth.
- Affected by dense vegetation, man-made features, and severe weather. - 40 km max |
|
Sky Wave
|
Travel up into the atmosphere and continues to bounce off the ionosphere (upper region of atmosphere) and earth surface IOT travel around the earth.
- Only low freq between 2-12 MHz. - Produce skip zones, or areas where the signal does not return back to the earth. |
|
The three frequency spectrum's of an Infantry Battalion.
|
HF/VHF/UHF
|
|
High frequency (HF)
|
2 to 29.999 MHz
|
|
Very high frequency Low band (VHF Low)
|
30 to 89.999 MHz
-SINCGARS -Most widely used in infantry Bn -40 km range (slightly beyond LOS) |
|
Very high frequency High band (VHF High)
|
90 to 224.999 MHz
|
|
Ultra high frequency LOS/SATCOM (UHF)
|
225 to 511.999 MHz
- ground to air or air to ground - STRICTLY LOS |
|
SINCGARS
|
Primary MAGTF VHF radio is the Single Channel Ground Air Radio System (SINCGARS).
SINCGARS is a family of lightweight combat radios that serves as the primary means of communications for command, control, and fire support on the battlefield. The system provides high security against enemy electronic warfare by using frequency-hopping capability with integrated communications security (COMSEC). |
|
Frequency Hopping
|
Transmission technique that changes the frequency of a radio channel automatically at a pseudo-random rate common to both to the transmitter and receiver.
|
|
Five variables required to frequency hop
|
- Hopset
- Transmission Security Key (TSK) - Transmission Encryption Key (TEK) - Time - Net Identifier (Net ID) ** Net ID and Time entered manually at TBS ** |
|
Hopset
|
The VHF frequencies that SINCGARS will hop through in frequency hopping mode.
|
|
Transmission Security Key (TSK)
|
The sequence in which the radio will hop within a HOPSET. It does not encrypt the signal or transmission.
|
|
Transmission Encryption Key (TEK)
|
Encrypts and decrypts the operator’s voice during the radio transmission.
|
|
Time
|
Both Julian date and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) must be entered. GMT is also known as “Zulu time.” SINCGARS radios can tolerate +/– 4 seconds between radios and remain in sync with each other.
|
|
Net identifier (Net ID)
|
Three-digit numeric code that determines where a specific frequency-hopping (FH) circuit begins frequency-hopping. The radio operator enters it, and it will correspond to a specific frequency within the hop set.
|
|
AN/PRC-119
|
Alpha - vehicle
Foxtrot - person Low: 200m-400m Med: 400m-5km High: 5km-10km |
|
AN/PRC-117
|
-VHF, UHF, SATCOM
-manpack or mobile -Compatibale with all SINGARS Low: 200m-400m Med: 400m-5km High: 5km-10km |
|
AN/MRC-145
|
Vehicle with mounted dual long range radio system used for command + control and retransmission:
(2) AN/PRC-119A (2) power amps |
|
AN/PRC-150 (HF)
|
-long range
-vehicle version is MRC-148 |
|
AN/PRC-152
|
Single Chanel Multi-Band
Low: 200m-400m Med: 400m-5km High: 5km-7km (PRC 152 and 148 max range of 5km-7km unless amplified in a vehicular configuration) SL3: Receiver/transmitter, recharable battery, UHF whip antenna (>108 MHz), 3' blade (VHF), A-bag, pouch, and handset. |
|
AN/VRC-110
|
• Vehicle-mounted, dual configuration set offering two power amplifiers (20 or 50 watt) for each radio.
• Consists of two handheld AN/PRC 152’s mounted (radios can be removed from mount and utilized for inter-team communications). • Used for VHF, UHF and UHF SATCOM long range voice and data communications. • This vehicle configuration is currently being fielded to the fleet Marine force to replace the VRC 88-92 systems along with the MRC 145 configuration. - Capable of 12 miles LOS and retransmission |
|
WD-1
|
"Slash-wire"
- 2 insulated, 4 copper, 3 steel - 48lbs/mi |
|
Direction (Navigation: Direction)
|
position of one point in relation to another point
|
|
True North
|
- Point on earth where lines of longitude converge (North Pole)
- True North is not used in order to find direction when doing basic land navigation |
|
Magnetic North
|
- Lensatic Compass always points to magnetic north
- Used to navigate in the FIELD |
|
Grid North
|
- Parallel lines on the map
- Do not converge at North Pole |
|
Declination
|
Angular difference between TRUE north and GRID north or magnetic north
- ALWAYS measured from true north |
|
Magnetic Declination
|
-Measures from true north to magnetic north
-Can be east or west - usually measured in Degrees |
|
Grid Declination
|
Measured from True North to Grid North
- Can be east or west - usually measured in Degrees |
|
Azimuths
|
A horizontal Angle measured clockwise from a base line (from any of the three base lines: true, magnetic, or grid north)
|
|
Determining a Grid Azimuth
|
1. Determine Start Point and Objective
2. Draw a line between the two points 3. Put protractor on map with correct orientation 4. Read grid azimuth from degree scale on protector |
|
Back Azimuth
|
LAMS
Less 180 add, More 180 subtract |
|
LARS (Left Add Right Subtract)
|
- Used when going from a known azimuth to the unknown azimuth
|
|
Terrain Profile
|
an exaggerated side view of a portion of the earth's surface along a line between two points
|
|
Military Applications for Terrain Profile
|
- Determining effective fields of fire
|