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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vehicles and Crashes - Douglas Husak |
Driving is problematic because it risks causing harm to others. For driving to be negligent you must: have frivolous reasons for driving and have crash incompatibility. |
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Active and Passive Euthanasia - James Rachels |
Four arguments for active euthanasia: 1. More humane that passive (sometimes) 2. Important decisions made on irrelevant grounds (opportunity for passive) 3. Based on assumption that killing is intrinsically worse 4. Falsely assumes that doctor is not responsible |
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Self-Determination - Dan Callahan |
Euthanasia is social decision between two adults. The right to self determination =/= doctor's right to kill. Examples: slavery and dueling are fundamentally wrong, even with consent |
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Refusal of Treatment - Bonnie Steinbock |
AMA policy only rejects intentional termination of life. Ceasing life prolonging treatment is only respecting a patient's right to refuse treatment. Difference depends on difference between intending and forseeing, doctrine of double effect. |
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Humans vs Persons - Mary Anne Warren |
Believes that anti-abortion arguments are either equivocating or begging the question. Space traveler experiment, five characteristics required for being human: 1. Consciousness and the capacity to feel pain Must permit infanticide (if there is no one is willing or has resources to take care of it) |
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Why Abortion is Immoral - Don Marquis |
Tries to bypass the human vs person debate. Abortion is as bad as killing a human adult because it interferes with the fundamental desire to continue to live. |
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A Defense of Abortion - Judith Jarvis Thomson |
Right to life = right not to be killed unjustly. Violinist experiment: fetus does not have right to demand resources from mother People-seed experiment: is abortion justified if you know the possible consequences beforehand? Also expanding child experiment |
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Abortion and Feminism - Sally Markowitz |
Bases defense on commitment to egalitarian society. Impermissible Sacrifice Principle: If a group is oppressed by another, it is impermissible to require that group to make sacrifices that will perpetuate the oppression Objection: Are fetuses an oppressed group? |
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Pornography and Degradation - Judith Hill |
Porn degrades women because it treats them as a means only. Degradation is different from lying or cheating because it is necessarily public. Focuses on victim pornography. Porn degrades women as a group, not just individually, and does not have to be intended. |
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Pornography: The Other Side - Ferrel Christensen |
Disputes claims that porn is wrong: 1. Porn dehumanizes women: not all unhuman things are bad 2. Porn objectifies women: we objectify everyone we have impersonal relations with (i.e. athletes) 3. Porn exploits women: exploiting is getting something in a hurtful or unfair way |
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The Feminist Dilemma - Ellen Willis |
Women face good cop/bad cop routine Good cop: chastity, marriage Bad cop: Suggestion that alternative is whore Labeling porn as the enemy will make women ashamed of sexual feelings |
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Sexual Labor - Debra Satz |
Asymmetry thesis: sexual labour markets are asymmetric to other labour markets 1. Essentialist: some intrinsic property makes it unfit to be sold 2. Economic: prostitution is wrong if net costs are disproportionately high 3. Egalitarian: prostitution is wrong because it reinforces gender inequality |
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Drug Decriminalization - Douglas Husak |
We ought to ask for reasons to criminalize drug use. Drug use causes no direct harm to others, and usually no indirect harm either. Will legality cause increase in use? Doesn't matter, increase in use not an ethical reason to punish. |
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What is Terrorism - Igor Primoratz |
Causing terror in an attempt to intimidate a group into taking a course of action that they would not normally take. Must involve specific use of violence. Two targets: primary/indirect and secondary/direct |
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Morality of Terrorism - Igor Primoratz |
For a consequentialist, terrorism is not wrong in itself. Very difficult to justify though. Combatant vs non-combatant distinction is irrelevant in modern warfare...doctrine of double effect? |
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Famine, Affluence and Morality - Peter Singer |
If it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening without sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance then we ought to do it (child drowning in pond analogy). Two things that do not affect argument: proximity and actions (or inaction) of others. Giving money is not charity, it is duty. |
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Shared Responsibility - Todd Calder |
Citizens in developed countries share responsibility for structural injustices suffered by the poor in developing countries, whether we participate directly or not. |
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Licensing Parents - Hugh Lafollette |
Justifies licensing for doctors, lawyers: people who take on risky responsibility must be competent Parents have exclusive control over vulnerable children and there is substantial risk of harm. Proposes system through tax incentives, similar to driving school. |