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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common sense view |
- Human made objects are tools - Objects have no moral purpose - Right/wrong are properties that are committed by humans alone |
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Strong sense view: |
- "Morality is inside the things" -Bruno Latour- Technological artifacts have moral properties - Actor-Network Theory (ANT) = Technology does not have obvious moral property in themselves, boundary between objects and humans is no longer possible to uphold - Moral property of human and object should be considered jointly |
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Moderate View: |
- Technological artifacts cannot be a part of a moral agent - The object cannot be a part of the subject or be morally responsible - Artifacts have moral relevance |
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Bruno Latour, reflecting the "Strong View" toward technological artifacts, believed artifcats are morally considerable because they work as actants alongside human beings in a responsible netowrk |
True |
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Which of the following statements best represents the "Strong View" toward the morality of technological artifacts? |
Humans and technological artifcats form an inseparable unit that is itself morally responsible in action. |
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According to the "Common Sense View," technological artifacts take on moral properties when used for good or evil by human beings |
False |
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Why are Robert Moses' architectural designs indicative of Langdon Winner's view of the moral properties of artifacts? |
moral values are built into his designs, which come to embody these values |
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The question of which beings deserve moral consideration is of minimal significance to environmental ethics: |
False |
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some argue it is a necessary foundation for all ethics, it is in some ways a product of advances in ecology |
True environmental ethics |
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Anthropocentrism could be considered an egaliterain position in environmental ethics: |
False |
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What is the principle difference between the weak and strong anthropocentric world view: |
weak anthropocentrism does not view the natural world as merely a standing reserve |
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Although restricted, biocentrism is largely compatible with anthropocentrism |
False |
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Which of the following situations would probably be acceptable to someone holding a strong anthropocentric view of the world? |
clear-cutting an old growth forest to build a golf course |
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Environmental destruction involves splitting up a habitat in a way that prevents animals from moving about in order to breed and to find food and water: |
False |
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Why is the destruction, degradation, and fragmentation of the environment of particular concern for engineers? |
these effects share a close causal relationship with the transformation of nature into artifact |
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Which of the following is true of Aldo Leopold's The Land Ethic? |
Leopold not only extends moral consideration to non-human life but also inanimate features of the environment |
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Mordern technique reasons |
Rate of utilization cultural disruptions relationship with science scope |
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Deductive |
conclusion necessarily follows from the premises |
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Inductive |
premises make the conclusion highly probable |
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Abductive |
making best decision based on information given |
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Whelchel |
Technology is not neutral Has a value system |
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Optimism |
Technology on society is good! |
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Pessimism |
Technology is beneficial but has major side effects on society! |
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Determinism |
Technology has a life of its own and cannot be determined by humans |
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Critical approach |
Recognize value issues when developing technology, best of all fields |
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Dr. Bryan Willison |
25 years developing large scale technology for energy, air quality, and human health. Approaches to innovation in licensing, social enterprise provide solutions for poorest citizens |
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Vallor |
New social media and virtues: Social media is easy, virtues are difficult to develop pursue eudaimonia "the good life" Patience, honesty, and empathy |
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Why Hans Jonas thought tehcnology deserved attention by those who care about ethics? |
modern tech enlarges: power fundamental level temporal extent uncertainty involved with human society |
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Borgman |
"American ethics" push beyond ideas and social relations towards moral significance of TANGIBLE reality (real ethics) modern tech makes us poor |
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Commodification |
Borgman bringing new things to markets encourages depersonalization breaks spatial, temporal, cultural/social continuities |
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Devices |
products of modern technology that are passive, convenient, and disengaged |
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Things |
Things engage users |
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Moral relativism |
moral judgements are only true or false relative to the situation (time period), not all situations can be judged the same |
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Rigorism/laxism |
Strict rules apply across all situations |
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Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 |
American Engineers follow laws from America when in another country |
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Capabilities approach |
used to mitigate risks of hazards |
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Moral Realsim |
There exist moral facts and values that do not change according to how we "feel" about them |
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Anti-realsim |
Theory should never be regarded as a truth. Nothing is real! |
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Calvo & Peters |
Wealthier society doesn't make happier peopel Preventative: take feature out to sustain WB Active: new feature to promote well-being Dedicated: built from ground up to promote WB |
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ACM |
Association for Computing Machinery Most aspirational of all codes! |
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Anthropocentrism |
Use of nature must be human-centered |
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Biocentrism |
Use of nature must be nature-centered |
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3 pillars of sustainability |
Environment Social Economic |
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Garret Hardin |
Increase your hurd without limit! The world has limits, stop population growth... |
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Aldo Leopold |
Humans should move from "conquor the land" to "love the land!" |
