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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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There are 3 methods recognized by philosophy as the primary ways to gather information. |
1. Scientific Method 2. Historical Method 3. Socratic Method |
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- Is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions. - The goal of the method is to discover cause and effect relationships by asking questions, carefully gathering and examining the evidence, and seeing if all the available information can be combined into a logical answer. |
Scientific Method |
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- This method is a collection of techniques and guidelines use to research and write histories of the past. - We need to determine what is primary and Secondary Source: 1. Primary source - actual documents and objects created under the time under study. 2. Secondary source - accounts that retell, analyze, or interpret events usually at distance of time and place. |
Historical Method |
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- Developed by Socrates, this method is primarily used as a dialogue between teacher and students instigated by continuous probing questions in an effort to explore the underlying beliefs that shape the students views and opinions. - Also called Method of questioning |
Socratic Method |
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6 types of logical arguments: |
1. Deductive 2. Inductive 3. Practical 4. Premises 5. Extrapolation 6. Cold logic |
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- Deducing your conclusion from a set of statements - If statement A and B is true, therefore Statement C is also true. |
Deductive |
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- Suggesting a probable conclusion based on the probability of the statements. - Uses words such as some, most, few, and other similar terms. |
Inductive |
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- Any facts, assertions, probabilities, or data inserted in an argument can be viewed as a logical premise that makes your argument logical. |
Premises |
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- Estimating the future based on current or historical observations - Usually uses the Historical Method to create conclusions |
Extrapolation |
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- Logical argument that neglects human, society, culture, values, and emotion. - This isn't likely to get you anywhere with people. |
Cold logic |
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We base our argument using three methods: Claim - conclusion of the argument Grounds - supporting evidence of the claim Warrant - Connection of the grounds to the claim |
Practical |
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Who created Johari's Window |
Harry Ingham & Joseph Luft |
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Philosophy comes from the Greek word (philo-sophia) which means? |
Love-wisdom |
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In basic terms, philosophy means? |
Love of wisdom |
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According to evidence, there are philosophical writings that go back to 3000 B.C in? |
Ancient Egypt, Babylonia, and Persia |
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However, philosophy as we know it today first developed in Greece during what time? |
6th century B.C |
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5 core branches of philosophy: |
1. Epistemology 2. Axiology 3. Metaphysics 4. Value Theory 5. Logic |
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Epistemology is a combination of 2 Greek words: |
"Episteme"; knowledge "Logos"; study of Epistemology = study of knowledge |
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What are we studying in Epistemology? |
Nature, origin, scope of knowledge, and the rationality of beliefs. |
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Axiology comes from 2 Greek words: |
"Axios"; worthy "Logos" study of Axiology also called "Theory of Value" |
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Axiology is the philosophical study of? |
Goodness or value in the widest sense of terms |
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2 types of value in Axiology: |
- Intrinsic value: things that are value in and on itself - Extrinsic value: Things which are a means to some other value |
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Metaphysics is derived from the Greek word _________ or after things in nature. |
"Meta ta physika" |
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Metaphysics revolves around the question: |
What is the purpose of this? |
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In philosophy, we associate Value Theory with what we know as? |
Ethics - discipline concerned with what is morally good or bad and morally right and wrong. - concerned with finding out your justification for your moral beliefs. |
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Logic, in philosophy, investigates the philosophical problems raised by logic. Logic is the study correct reasoning |
- can help with decision making - can to determine what is true and opinion |
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5 Filipino philosophies: |
- Utang na loob - Bayanihan - Hospitality - Filipino Time - Kababaang-loob |
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3 methods of philosophizing: |
- logic - existentialism - phenomenology |
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1. Ad Hominem 2. Ad Populum 3. Anecdotal Fallacy 4. Appeal to Authority 5. Appeal to Emotion 6. Appeal to Ignorance 7. Red herring 8. Non-Sequitur 9. Slippery Slope 10. Loaded Question |
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