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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Affricate
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A stop followed by a homorganic fricative
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Allophone
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A variant of a phoneme
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Alternations
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Variations in words that can be described in terms of phonological rules
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Alveolar
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"An articulation involving the tip or blade of the tongue and the alveolar ridge, such as d in English die"
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Anticipatory coarticulation
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An action in which one of the speech organs that is not involved in making a particular sound moves toward its position for a subsequent sound
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Apical
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An articulation involving the tip of the tongue
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Approximant
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"An articulation in which one articulator is close to another but without the tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced j,l,r,w are approximants"
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Articulation
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The approach or contact of two speech organs
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Aspiration
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"A period of voicelessness after the release of an articulation, as in English pie"
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Assimilation
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The change of one sound into another sound because of the influence of neighboring sounds
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Back vowels
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"Vowels in which the body of the tongue is in the back part of the oral cavity. The vowels u,o, (backward c), a form a set of back reference vowels."
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bilabial
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an articulation involving both lips
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breathy voice
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another name for murmur
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click
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a stop made with an ingressive velaric airstream
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closed syllable
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a syllable with a consonant at the end
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coarticulation
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the overlapping of adjacent articulations
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coda
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the consonants occurring after the vowel in a syllable
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coronal
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a term for sounds articulated with the tip or blade of the tongue raised toward the teeth or the alveolar ridge such as [s, t]
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creaky voice
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another term for laryngealization
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diphthong
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a vowel in which there is a change in quality during a single syllable, as in English [aI] in high
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dorsal
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describing sounds articulated with the back of the tongue
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downdrift
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the tendency for the pitch to fall throughout an intonational phrase
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ejective
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a stop made with an egressive glottalic airstream
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epenthesis
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the insertion of one or more sounds in the middle of a word
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flap
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an articulation in which one articulator, usually the tongue tip, is drawn back and then allowed to strike against another articulator in returning to its rest position
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formant
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a group of overtones corresponding to a resonating frequency of air in the vocal tract
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fricative
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narrowing of the distance between two articulators so that the airstream is partially obstructed and a turbulent airflow is produced, as in English [z] in zoo
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front vowels
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i, e, ɛ, a form a set of front vowels
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geminate
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adjacent segments that are the same
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glottal
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an articulation involving the glottis as [ ʔ ] in button
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glottalic airstream mechanism
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movement of pharynx air by the action of the glottis. Ejectives and Implosives are formed this way
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glottis
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the space between the vocal folds
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homorganic
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made in the same place of articulation, d and n in hand are homorganic
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implosive
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a stop made with an ingressive glottalic airstream
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interdental
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articulated with the tongue between the upper and lower teeth
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labial
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involving one or both lips: [f, v, m[
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laryngeal
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the region of the vocal tract at the glottis where consonantal articulations such as [h, ʔ ] are made
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lateral
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an articulation in which the airstream flows over the sides of the tongue as in English [l]
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lax
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lax vowels in English can occur in monosyllables closed by ng, such as sing, length, hang, long, hung.
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liquid
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l and various r sounds
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murmur
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another name for breathy voice
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nasal
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a sound in which the soft palate is lowered so that there is no velic closure and air may go out through the nose, as in English [m]
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nasalization
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lowering of the soft palate during a sound in which air is going out of the mouth (often anticipatory)
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nucleus
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the center of a syllable, usually just the vowel
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obstruent
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a fricative, stop, or affricate
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onset
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the consonants occurring before the vowel in a syllable
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open syllable
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a syllable without a consonant at the end
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oral stop
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complete stoppage of both the nasal and oral cavities, as in [b, d, g]
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palatal
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an articulation involving the front of the tongue and the hard palate
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phoneme
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one of a set of abstract units that can be used for writing a language down in a systematic and unambiguous way
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plosive
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a stop made with a pulmonic airstream mechanism, such as in English p or b
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rhotacization
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r-coloring, resulting from the lowering of the third formant
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stop
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complete closure of two articulators
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stress
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the use of extra respiratory energy during a syllable
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tap
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a rapid movement of the tip of the tongue upward to contact the roof of the mouth
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tense
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tense vowels in English are those which can occur in stressed open syllables
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tone
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a pitch that conveys part of the meaning in a word
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uvular
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an articulation involving the back of the tongue and the uvula as the r in French rouge
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velar
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an articulation involving the back of the tongue and the velum as in English g in guy
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velaric airstream mechanism
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movement of mouth air by action of the tongue (clicks are produced this way)
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velum
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the soft movable part of the palate at the back of the mouth
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vocoid
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a sound with no obstruction at the center of the mouth. Vowels and semi-vowels are vocoids
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voice bar
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a dark area near the baseline in a spectrogram, indicating voicing during a consonant
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voiced
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having vibrations of the vocal folds during an articulation
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voiceless
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pronounced without vibrations of the vocal folds
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voice onset time
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the moment at which the voicing starts relative to the release of a closure
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