Photosynthesis

Which of the following use light energy to make their own food?
a. Chemoautotrophs
b. Photoheterotrophs
c. Chemoheterotrophs
d. Photoautotrophs

The Calvin Cycle takes place in the _______ of chloroplasts.
a. matrix
b. stroma
c. thylakoid membrane
d. inner membrane
e. outer membrane

The Calvin cycle uses, __________, which are products of the light dependent reactions.
a. CO2 and H2O
b. RuBP and O2
c. ADP and NADH
d. ATP and NADPH
e. 3-phosphoglycerate and glucose

The Calvin cycle begins by the attachment of CO2 to which of the following?
a. RuBP
b. glucose
c. 3-phosphoglycerate
d. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
e. none of the above

(True/False) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate are three-carbon molecules produced during the Calvin cycle.

(True/False) The Calvin Cycle functions to construct carbohydrates from carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis is best identified below as:
a. the process of warming the earth through radiant energy
b. a plants ability to produce energy through sunlight
c. the process of converting sugar to ATP
d. a plant's ability to grow regardless of the amount of light given to it

The photosynthesis process is powered by:
a. a plant's ability to create sugar
b. a plants ability to obtain nutrients from the soil
c. a plants ability to convert photon energy from the sun into electrons
d. a plants ability to release oxygen into the air

The specific part of the photosynthetic process that is involved in the production of electrons that could be harnessed to conduct electricity is:
a. Photosystem I
b. Photosystem II
c. The Calvin Cycle
d. The Krebs Cycle

Why is spinach the plant of choice for this solar cell research?
a. It has a high level of chlorophyll pigment
b. It is rich with iron to enhance conductivity
c. It can be frozen with no damage to the cells
d. It is readily available and purchased at low cost

What problem needs further research to make a spinach powered battery a reality?
a. the spinach battery does not last for extended lengths of time
b. the researchers can't determine how to involve water in an electronic system
c. other plant choices have to be examined for their effectiveness
d. there doesn't appear to be enough electricity produced to drive small electronic devices

Which of the following represents a correct sequence during photosynthesis?
a. Photosystem I-ATP production-Photosystem II-NADPH production
b. Photosystem 1-NADPH production-Photosystem II-ATP production
c. Photosystem II-ATP production-Photosystem I-NADPH production
d. Photosystem II-NADPH production-Photosystem I-ATP production
e. Photosystem I-Photosystem II-ATP production-NADPH production

The electrons excited by sunlight are replaced by electrons from _______ in photosystem I, and by electrons from _______ in photosystem II.
a. water; photosystem I
b. water; carbon dioxide
c. water; water
d. photosystem II; photosystem I
e. photosystem II; water

The high energy electrons of photosystem I are directly passed on to
a. ferrodoxin
b. plastoquinone
c. plastocyanin
d. ATP synthase
e. NADP reductase

(True/False) Photosynthetic pigments are clustered together to form photosystems in the stroma of the chloroplast.

(True/False) Plastoquinone is the primary electron acceptor for electrons leaving photosystem II.

Cyclic photophosphorylation produces
a. energy only.
b. reducing power only.
c. both energy and reducing power.
d. neither energy nor reducing power.
e. either energy or reducing power, depending on the organism

In noncyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons passed down through the electron transport system are obtained from
a. sunlight
b. sugar
c. chlorophyll
d. water
e. carbon dioxide

Which of the following represents a correct sequence in noncyclic photophosphorylation?
a. photosystem I -> ATP production -> photosystem II -> NADPH production
b. photosystem I -> NADPH production -> photosystem II -> ATP production
c. photosystem II -> ATP production -> photosystem I -> NADPH production
d. photosystem II -> NADPH production -> photosystem I -> ATP production
e. photosystem I -> photosystem II -> ATP production -> NADPH production

(True/False) Cyclic photophosphorylation involves a single photosystem

(True/False) Oxygen is produced in noncyclic photophosphorylation but not in cyclic photophosphorylation.

Which analogy best fits the concept of a "photosystem"? (page 145)
a. An "up" escalator beside a "down" escalator.
b. A windmill that harnesses the energy from moving air to turn a wheel.
c. A basketball team which passes the ball to a well-positioned player, who can then gain points for the team.
d. The sound that comes from a compact disc.
e. A contraption which converts sound into the physical movement of a mechanical arm, which then pushes a button.

Which isotope was instrumental in determining that water is split during the light reactions? (page 147)
a. 3H
b. 18O
c. 14C
d. 32S
e. Two of the above isotopes were valuable for that information

The analysis of bacterial density growing in a spectrum of light separated with a prism onto a algal filament can allow us to create an action spectrum of photosynthesis. In this experiment, the amount of photosynthesis that can occur with different colors of light is measured because the bacteria
a. Are attracted to oxygen released from the algae as it photosynthesizes
b. Migrate to areas with high sugar due to photosynthesis efficiency
c. Prefer areas that have less light
d. Help the plant through endosymbiotic assistance
e. Provide shade which converts the light into "particles" which are more easily handled by the algae's pigments

Of the molecules in this list, which is the ultimate origin (donor) of electrons that are passed along through activities in the reaction centre (page 152)
a. Water
b. Hydrogen
c. Carbon
d. Photons
e. Oxygen

Which ATP-generating event in photosynthesis is most similar to the one found in mitochondria? (page 155)
a. Oxidation of organic molecules
b. Chemiosmosis
c. Pumping of protons from one side of a membrane to another
d. Absorption of high-energy photons
e. Use of oxygen to thermodynamically drive an exergonic reaction

The enzyme responsible for fixation of CO2 is called
a. Ribulose decarboxylase
b. Ribulose bisphosphate
c. Ribulose catalase
d. Ribulose bisphosphate decarboxylase
e. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase

CAM plants use a(n) _______ method to avoid photorespiration while C4 plants use a(n) _________ separation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and oxygen (page 161)
a. Spatial (anatomy-based)-isomer based
b. Temporal (time-based)-organic
c. Temporal-spatial
d. Spatial-temporal
e. Organic-isomer-based

The energy in photosynthesis is required to create (pg. 145)
a. ATP
b. NADPH
c. FADH2
d. All of the above
e. Two of the above

The formation of organic molecules from carbon dioxide occurs as a result of (pg. 147)
a. Oxidation reactions
b. Reduction reactions
c. Hydrolysis
d. Condensation
e. Dehydration synthesis

What is the purpose of the C-H rich hydrocarbon tail of chlorophyll? (pg. 149)
a. It is easily oxidized to provide energy to the cell
b. It acts as a conjugated ring to stabilize the pigment through resonance
c. It supports magnesium in its centre as a site for electron withdrawal
d. The nonpolar covalent bonds in the tail provide easy access to electrons
e. It can help anchor the pigment to the thylakoid membrane

(True/False) If the amount of light which is shone on a plant is doubled, the amount of oxygen that is produced will also double.

When bacteria use a single photosystem, which term best describes the path of the electron?
a. linear
b. branching
c. redundant
d. cyclic
e. noncyclic

In the generalized schematic of the Calvin Cycle, what is the correct order of the events starting with CO2 and ending with the production of an organic molecule (pg. 159)
a. Regeneration, Fixation, Reduction
b. Reduction, Regeneration, Fixation
c. Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration
d. Reduction, Fixation, Regeneration
e. Regeneration, Reduction, Fixation

The apertures which control gas exchange in photosynthetic tissues are called (pg. 160)
a. Aerophiles
b. Mesophyll
c. Epidermis
d. Stomata
e. Guard cells

The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are responsible for the production of
a. glucose
b. CO2
c. ATP and NADPH
d. H2O

Which region of a chloroplast is associated with the capture of light energy?
a. Thylakoid membrane
b. outer membrane
c. stroma
d. both a and c

The colors of light that are most effective for photosynthesis are--
a. red, blue, and violet
b. green, yellow and orange
c. infrared and ultraviolet
d. all colors of light are equally effective

The colors associated with pigments such as chlorophyll or carotenoids are a product of--
a. the wavelengths of light absorbed by the pigment
b. the wavelengths of light reflected by the pigment
c. the energy transferred between pigments
d. the wavelengths of light emitted by the pigment

Which of the following best describes a photosystem?
a. a collection of pigment molecules
b. a collection of pigments that transfer energy captured from light to a reaction center pigment
c. a collection of thylakoid membranes assembled into a structure called a granum
d. a collection of chlorophyll molecules that capture light energy and use it to make ATP

How is a reaction center pigment different from a pigment in the antenna complex?
a. The reaction center pigment is a chlorophyll molecule.
b. The antenna complex pigment can only reflect light
c. The reaction center pigment loses an electron when it absorbs light energy
d. the antenna complex pigments are not attached to proteins

What happens to the energy from an excited reaction center electron in the cyclic photophosphorylation of sulfur bacteria?
a. it is used to make ATP
b. It is used to phosphorylate proteins in an electron transport chain
c. It is used to generate a new pigment molecule
d. It is used to excite another pigment molecule within the photosystem

During noncyclic photosynthesis, photosystem I functions to ___________, and photosystem II functions to ___________.
a. synthesize ATP, produce O2
b. reduce NADP+; oxidize H2O
c. reduce CO2; oxidize NADPH
d. restore an electron to its reaction center; gain an electron from water

Where in a chloroplast would you find the highest concentration of protons?
a. in the stroma
b. in the lumen of the thylakoid
c. in the intermembrane space
d. in the antenna complex

How does the reaction center of photosystem I regain an electron during noncyclic photosynthesis?
a. The electron is recycled back to the reaction center pigment
b. The electron is donate from H2O
c. The electron is donated from photosystem II
d. The electron is donated from NADPH

Which of the following is NOT associated with the thylakoid membrane?
a. Photosystem II
b. ATP synthase
c. Rubisco
d. B6-f complex

Carbon fixation occurs when a molecule of CO2 reacts with a molecule of---
a. ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)
b. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
c. 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA)
d. pyruvate

The function of the Calvin cycle is to--
a. absorb light energy
b. synthesize RuBP
c. fix carbon
d. convert glucose to CO2, yielding energy

What is photorespiration?
a. the production of chemical energy (ATP) using light energy (photons)
b. Carbon fixation using the energy gained from the light reactions of photosynthesis
c. the use of O2 by plants as a final electron acceptor for photosynthesis
d. the addition of O2 to RuBP leading to the loss of CO2 and ATP

The adaption of fixing CO2 from the atmosphere at night is characteristic of--
a. C3 plants
b. C4 plants
c. CAM plants
d. all of the aboce

Study the process the Calvin cycle diagrammed in Figure 8.16. Where do the ATP and NADPH used in this reaction come from? How can a chloroplast generate enough ATP to support the needs of the Calvin cycle?

Do plant cells need mitochondria? Explain your answer.

Light-dependent reactions occur in 4 stages. Which of the following orders is right with regard to light dependent reactions?
a. charge separation-->electron transport-->primary photoevent-->chemiosmosis
b. primary photoevent-->electron transport-->charge separation-->chemiosmosis
c. electron transport-->chemiosmosis-->charge separation-->primary photoevent
d. primary photoevent-->charge separation-->electron transport-->chemiosmosis

Photosystem I has a peak absorption at _____nm an Photosystem II has a peak absorption at _____nm

What type of pigments are shuttled to the P680 complex?

In the light dependent reactions, protons are pumped from the
a. stroma-->thylakoid membrane
b. granum-->stroma
c. thylakoid space-->stroma

Name the order of the Light dependent reactions given the following:
a. plastoquinone
b. b6f complex
c. ferrodoxin
d. photosystem II
e. photosystem I
f. NADP reductase
g. primary electron acceptor
h. plastocyanin

The Calvin (C3) cycle is a biochemical pathway that allows for _______ ___________ and incorparates what into organic molecules?

NADP+ is reduced to NADPH in the Calvin cycle

How many carbons does ribulose-bis-phosphate have? What is added to ribulose-bis-phosphate? What is the molecule now produced and what happens to it?

What is the full name for the enzyme complex that allows carbon fixation to take place?

What happens in the carbon fixation phase of the Calvin cycle?

What happens in the reduction stage of the Calvin cycle?

What happens in the regeneration stage of the Calvin cycle?

What is the correct formula for photosynthesis?
a. 8H20 + 12NADPH + 10 ADP + 10 P ----> 6O2 + 12NADPH + 18 ATP
b. 6O2 + 12NADPH + 18ATP -->12H2O + 12NADP + 18ADP + 18P
c. 12H20 + 12NADP + 18ADP + 18 P--> 6O2 + 12NADPH + 18ATP

How many glucose molecules does 6 CO2 molecules joined to 6 molecules of RuBP produce?

How many of the following MOLECULES are present throughout these steps of the Calvin Cycle?

RuBP (?) joins to CO2 (?) to produce PGA (?). Through the addition of a phosphate from ATP (?), 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (?) which is then reduced (?) to G3P (?) which gives off glucose (?) or G3P (?) through the addition of a phosphate from ATP (?) s converted back to RuBP (?)

Photosynthesis uses the products of _________ as starting substrates

Rubisco has 2 enzymatic activities:
Using carboxylase it uses ___________: the addition of CO2 to RuBP
or oxygenase
___________: the oxidation of RuBP by the addition of O2.
When is the oxygenase enzyme typically used?

True/False CO2 and O2 compete for the active site on RuBP.

True/False Photorespiration occurs in the presence of light. No ATP is produced in photorespiration because it uses up the intermediates of the Calvin cycle

In hot, arid conditions what is closed on the plant cell in order to keep water from leaving?

What is the result of this closing?

What enzyme of Rubisco utilize?

What is the toxic molecule that builds up in the plant cell as a result of photorespiration?

Some plants can avoid photorespiration by using an enzyme other than Rubisco which adds a CO2 TO PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE which is used as a storage molecule for CO2 when conditions demand it, which is then used by Rubisco. What is the name of this enzyme?

Where is PEP carboxylase present?

Where is the 4 carbon molecule of Phosphoenolpyruvate found? What part of photosynthesis is it used for?

What two types of plants avoid photorespiration?

What kind of reaction is used to strip CO2 to get a 3 carbon molecule?

At what time do CAM plants capture CO2? When does the plant release CO2?

In C4 plants the reactions take place where?

Where do they take place in CAM plants?

What is the correct term for the splitting of water to replace the lost electron in Photosystem I?

Which of the following is not included in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
a. carbon fixation
b. chemiosmosis and ATP production
c. reduction and carbohydrate production
d. regeneration of RuBP

Which of these substances is not involved in the carbon fixation phase of the Calvin cycle
a. ATP
b. CO2
c. RuBP
d. PGA

Which of these substances is not involved in the reduction and carbohydrate phase of the Calvin cycle?
a. ATP
b. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
c. 1, 3 bisphosphoglycerate
d. rubisco

During the reduction and carbohydrate production phase of the Calvin cycle, ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP releasing energy used to make:
a. 1, 3 bisphosphoglycerate
b. 3-phosphoglycerate
c. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
d. ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate