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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In Harry Harlow's study, the baby monkeys preferred
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The cloth mother
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Martina Horner found that fear of success was greatest in
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women of abover average intelligence
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Dr. Jones is a psychologist who explains motivation in terms of underlying physiological states. To which theory does Dr. Jones subscribe?
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Drive reduction theory
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Studies have shown that hig hachievers prefer to be associated with
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experts who help them acheive
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Pleasure obtained from stimulation is overlooked by what theory
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Drive reduction theory
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The "hierarchy of needs" was developed by
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Abraham Maslow
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State a Self actualization need
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Fulfilling one's own potential
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Charles Darwin argued that people from different cultures express certain basic feelings...
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In the same ways
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Studies on obese individuals indicate that
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they respond to external cues to eat
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What thory states that biological needs drive an organism to act in certain ways until its needs are satisfied?
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Drive reduction
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The tendency of an organism to return or maintain a normal state is called
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Homeostasis
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David McClelland used the TAT to
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Measure achievement motivation
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J.W. Atkinson developed the ___ theory to explain goal-directed behavior
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Expectancy-value
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Abraham Maslow refers to biological drives, including the need for physical safety and security a ___ need
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Fundamental
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_____ Explains the differences in emotional expressions that we find in various cultures
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Learning
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The Cannon-Bard theory proposed that
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The Brain arouses the body and triggers emotions sumultaneously
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The _____ theory is a homeostatic theory of emotional reactions
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Opponent process
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In maslow's hierarcy, the need to receive and give love is a(n)____ need
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Psychological
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Incentive theory stresses the role of ____ in motivating behavior
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The engironment
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Creativity is a compination of what 3 things
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Recombination, flexibility, and origional use of information
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the "aha" experience orsuddently realizing the solution to a problem is called
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Insight
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Which of the following is not a type of thinking?
-Directed, nondirected, metacognition, heuristic |
heuristic
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A label used to represent a calssof objects or events is called a
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concept
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Changing andreaorganizing the information sored in memory to create new or transformed information is called
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Thinking
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what is a visual, mental representaiotn of an event or object?
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Image
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Metacognition occurs when you think about
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Thinking
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"mass remains constant respite changes inapperaance" is and example of a
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rule
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Rearranging the elements of a problem in order to find a new solution is called
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Recombination
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A child who speaks in sentences,but does not use articles or prepositions is exhibiting
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telegraphic speech
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Chunking is associated with
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Short-term memory
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Photocraphic memory is also called
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Eidietic memory
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Interference refers to
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Blockin of a memory by previous or subsequent memories
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Which of the following describes your ability to identify the name of your first grade teacher in a newspaper article
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recognition
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Short-term memory
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has a limited capacity
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Psychologist george miller discovered taht short-term memory is limited to about
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seven items
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Which of the following describes your ability to identify the sound ofa musical instrument you have heard before?
Recall, Recognition, Semantic memory, echoic memory |
Recognition
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The tree memory processes are
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Encoding, storage, and retrieval
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HOMES, an acronym for the 5 great lakes is an example of
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a mnemonic device
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remembering how to jump rope, a skill you have not practiced in many years, is an example of which kind of memory?
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Procedural
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Which of the following does NOT result in forgetting?
Decay, repression, interference, confabulation |
Confabulation
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The three types of memory are
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Sensory, short-Term, and long term
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In classical conditioning, the best results occur when the conditioned stimulus is presented
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before the unconditioned response
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A subject responding to a second stimulus similar the the origional CS is an example of
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Generalization
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An unpleasant consequence that decreases the frequency of the response that produced it is called
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Punishment
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To play baseball, several response chains are organized into
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response patterns
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Learning from the consequences of behavior is called
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Operant Conditioning
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A child saying "daddy" to his father is an example of
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Discrimination
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In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus elicits
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an automatic response
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in human society, money serves as a
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Secondary reinforcer
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Individuals who believe that no matter what they do their actions make no difference are exhibiting
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Learned helplessness
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An individual watches a friend send and email message. when the individual is later able to send an email message, the type of learning exhibited is
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Observational
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A type of altered conciousness in which people become highly suggestible is called
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Hypnosis
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Barbituates, alcohol, and valium are classified as
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Depressants
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Sigmund freud believed that dreams
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Contain clues to unconscious thoughts and desires
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Hallucinations can be caused by
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Drugs, fatigue, hightened emotions
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what occurs during REM sleep
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Dreaming
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The controversy regarding whether and how meditaition works has focused on similar effects that can sometimes be achieved simply by
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relaxing
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Sensations or perceptions without any external cause are
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hallucinations
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Sleepwalking has been linked to
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Stress and fatigue
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Someone suffereing tension headaches might achiever releif through
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biofeedback
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What cant a hypnotized subject do
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Be forced to do things against his or her will
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Which of the following does NOT characterize any state of sleep.
Limited physical mobility, altered state of consciousness, responsiveness to the environment, reapid eye movement |
Responsiveness to the environment
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The vast majority of psychologists study
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Everyday behaviors and feelings
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The prsuit of knowledge for its own sake is called
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basic science
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A complex explanation based on findings from many studies is a
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Theory
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The concept of "unconscious determinants of behavior" is associated with
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Sigmund Freud
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Which of the following is NOT associated with B.F. Skinner.
Walden Two, Reinforcement, Free association, behaviorism |
Free Association
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A hypothesis
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is an educated guess, has to be scientifically tested
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The first modern psychologist was
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Sir Francis Galton contributed to the development of the
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Personality test
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Which of the following is associated with Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers?
Clinical psychology, humainistic psychology, developmental psychology |
Humanistic psychology
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Psychologists who use psychological principles tgoe solve immediate problems are practicing
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behaviorism
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Participants in an experiemtn who are exposed to the independent variable are called the
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experimental group
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The most commonly used measure of central tendency is the
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Mean
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When neither the participants nor the experimenter knows which group of participants is the experimental one, the study is known as a
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Double-Blind study
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In ____ studies, psychologist styd the same group of participants at regular intervals over a period of years
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Longitudinal
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The variable that experimenters manipulate is called the _____ variable
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Independent
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Who first used observation as a way to understand the world?
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Greed Philosiphers
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When participants' illnesses change because they believe a treatment will have an effect, they are exhibiting
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the placebo effect
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What are the parts to the scientific method
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Asking questions, conducting experiments, gernerating a theory
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To conduct a valid study of a large population, you should use a
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representative sample
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Sir Francis Galton explored how _______ influences a person's behavior
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Heredity
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The variable that the experimenter changes to observe its effects is the
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Independent Variable
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What are the goals of psychology?
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Explanation, Influence, Prediction
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________Psychology theorizes that behavior is influenced by our perceptions, memories, and expectaions
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Cognitive
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When researchers analyze data, they use inferential statistics to determine if
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the data supports the hypothesis or the results are due to chance
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Stanley Milgram's Experiment was a
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Single-Blind experiment
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