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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What condition is this?
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Vitiligo: compelte absence of melanin pigment. Harmless.
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Mnemonic for danger signs of pigmented skin lesions
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ABCDE
Assymetry Border irregulatiry color variation diameter greater than 6 mm elevation/enlargment |
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What is this?
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Junctional Nevus (mole). Macular only (not palpable) and occurs in children and adolescents
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What is this?
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Compound Nevi (Junctional Nevi can evolve to this). Macular and papular.
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erythema
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intense redness of skin from excess blood in the dilated superficial capillaries.
D/t blushing, infection, local inflammation etc. |
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alopecia
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baldness (hair loss)
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annular
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circular shape to skin lesion
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bulla
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elevated cavity containing free fluidl arger than 1 cm diameter
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confluent
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skin lesions that run together
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crust
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thick, dried-out exudate left on skin when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up
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What condition is this?
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cyanosis: dusky color d/t increased amount of unoxygenated hgb
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What is this?
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Cafe au lait spot, present at birth, normal finding
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what are these?
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cherry angioma
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What is this?
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erythema toxicum, common rash in first 3-4 days of life, normal, unknown cause
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Furuncle
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(boil) suppurative inflammatory skin lesion d/t infected hair follicle
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fissure
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linear crack in skin extending into dermis
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erosion
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scooped out shallow depression in skin
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excoriation
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self inflicted abrasion on skin d/t scratching
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Hemiangioma
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skin lesion d/t benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
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keloid
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hypertrophic scar elevated beyond site of original injury
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lichenification
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tichtly packed set of papules that thickens skin, from prolonged intesnse scratching
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What is this?
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maceration: softening of tissue by soaking
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lipoma
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benign fatty tumor
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macule
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flat skin lesion with only a color change
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nodule
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elevated skin lesion > 1 cm diameter
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pallor
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excessively pale
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papule
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palpable skin lesion, < 1 cm diameter
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Purpura
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red-purple skin lesion d/t blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels
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pustule
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elevated cavity containing thick, turbid fluid
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Telangiectasia
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skin lesion d/t permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible
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what are these?
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vesicles: elevated cavities containing free fluid up to 1 cm diameter
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What is this?
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wheal: raised red skin lesion d/t interstitial fluid
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zosteriform
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linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route
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3 layers of skin
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epidermis: keratin (strength, protein) & melanin (color)
dermis: inner supportive layer, mostly collagen (connective tissue) subcutaneous layer: adipose |
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define 2 types of human hair
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fine faint vellus hair (covers most of body)
terminal hair: darker thicker scalp, groin, axilla, face/chest in men |
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eccrine gland
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coiled tubules that open directly onto skin surface and produce sweat
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apocrine gland
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produce thick milky secretion and open into hair follicles, secrete with emotional/sexual stimulation
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sebaceous gland
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produce protective lipid substance called sebum secreted through hair follicles
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functions of this skin (9)
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protection (microorganisms)
prevents penetration perception temperature regulation identification communication wound repair absorption and excretion production of vit D |
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causes of pallor
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acute high stress states d/t peripheral vasoconstriction, exposure to cold, cigarette smoking, edema
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describe pitting edema 4 point scale
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1= mild pitting, slight indentation no perceptible swelling of leg
2= moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly 3=deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, leg looks swollen 4= very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen |
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anasarca
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generalized body edema, consider a central cause like heart failure/kidney failure
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peau d'orange/pig skin
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raised hair follicles from edema give this look
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What is this?
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peau d'orange skin or pig skin, from edema (raises hair follicles)
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hypothyroidism effect on skin
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skin feels dry rough and flaky
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hyperthyroidism effect on skin
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skin feels smoother, softer like velvet
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What is this?
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Mongolian spot. Normal finding in new borns, Hyperpigmentation, present in 85% of blacks, asians and american indieans 9% whites
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what is this?
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cutis marmorata: transient mottline in response to cooler room temps, normal in infants
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Milia
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tiny white papules on the cheeks/forehead/nose/chin infants d/t sebum that occludes follicle opening. Don't squeeze. resolve on own in a few weeks. Normal in infants.
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What is this?
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curtis marmorata: transient mottling in the trunk and extremities in response to cooler room temps.
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What is this?
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lentigines: or "liver spots" flat brown macules. non malignant, normal in elderly
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seborrheic keratosis
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dark greasy "stuck on" appearing lesions, non cancerous, normal in older adult
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actinic keratosis
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red-tan scaly lesions increase over the years to become raised and roughened, directly related to sun exposure can lead to squamos cell carcinoma
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What is this?
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acrochordon: "skin tag", overgrowth of normal skin, normal in adults
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sebaceous hyperplasia
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raised yellow papules with central depression,more common in older men on face, pebbly appearance
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urticaria
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hives, wheals coalesced to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic
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difference between macule and papule?
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you can feel a papule, both are < 1 cm
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hematoma
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a bruise you can feel
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petichia
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purple spots caused by minor hemorrhage (broke capillaries), can be caused by intense bout of crying/coughing/vomiting
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purpura vs petichia
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purpura measure up to 1 cm
petichia less than 3 mm |
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hematoma
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localized collection of blodo outside blood vessel (whereas bruise is thin layer of blood under skin)
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Chicken pox
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small, tight vesicles first appear on trunk, errupt in crops over several days, then become pustules then crusts. Very pruritic
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German measles (rubella)
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pink papular rash (similar to measles but paler) first on face then spreads. Differentiated from measles by Presence of neck lymphadenopathy and absence of Koplik spots.
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Measles (Rubeola)
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red-purple maculopapular rash, appears on 3rd/4th day. Koplik spots in mouth (bluish white, red-based elevated 1-3 mm)
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Stage I pressure ulcer
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skin intact but red, blanchable in light skin. Darker skin does not blanch
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blanchable
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An erythematous lesion that loses all redness when pressed is termed "blanchable."
Blanchable lesions are due to vascular dilatation. Non-blanchable, erythematous lesions are due to the presence of red blood cells outside of blood vessels (extravasation). |
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Stage II pressure ulcer
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partial thickness skine rosion with loss of epidermis or also teh dermis. Looks like abrasion/open blister.
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Stage III pressure ulcer
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full thickness extending into Sub Q tissue
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Stage IV pressure ulcer
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full thickness ulcer involves all ayers and exposes muscle, tendon or bone too
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skin abscess vs. furuncle
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abcess is collection of pus in dermis whereas furuncle is collection of pus in hair follicle
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what condition is this?
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koilonychia= or spoon nails, sign of hypochromic anemia, nails are flat or even concave in shape
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What condition is this?
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paronychia
red swollen tender inflammation of teh nail folds, usually bacterial if acute, chronic often fungal in those who perform "wet" work |
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what condition is this on nail?
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Beau's line
transverse furrow/groove d/t trauma that temporarily impairs nail formation (acute illness etc) |
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What are these linear markings on nail?
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splinter hemorrhages
red-brown linear streaks, embolic lesions occur with subacute bacterial endocarditis or minor trauma |
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What nail condition is this?
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Onycholysis
slow persistent fungal infection,more common in toenails. Fungus causes greenish color change, crumbling or breaking |
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What nail condition is this?
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late clubbing
associated with platelet production diseases that disrupt normal pulmonary circulation (chronic lung disease, heart defects etc) cause fragmented platelets to become trapped in the fingertip vasculature, releasing platelet derived growth factor and promoting growth of vessels, develops slowly |
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What is the horny cell layer?
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dead keratin cells that are interwoven and closely packed Its the top outer layer of the epidermis
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where is the basal cell layer in skin and what is its purpose?
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the bottom of the epidermis, where new skin cells are formed
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hairs are threads of ____________
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keratin
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lanugo
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by 3 wks gestation, most of infants skin is covered with this, the find downy hair of the newborn
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seborrhea
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oily
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xerosis
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dry
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causes of pruritis
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dry skin
aging drug reactions allergy obstructive jaundice uremia lice |