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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Alpha Decay |
Emits alpha particle (Helium Nucleus) |
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Beta Negative |
Neutron = Positron + electron |
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Beta Positive |
Proton = Neutron + Positron |
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Electron Capture |
Electron + Proton = Neutron |
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Gamma Decay |
Nucleus releases gamma ray |
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Displacement |
Change in position. Distance with a direction |
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Velocity |
How fast your displacement is changing (speed with direction Instantaneous velocity: at a particular moment in time Average velocity: velocity needed to cover same total displacement |
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Acceleration |
How fast your velocity is changing |
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Inertia |
Property of matter that causes it to resit change in motion. Proportional to mass of an object |
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Newton's First Law |
If the net external force of an object is 0, the object will remain at rest or continue at constant velocity |
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What is 1 Newton |
The force required to accelerate the mass of 1kg by 1m/s^2
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Newton's Third Law |
For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction (must be on different objects) |
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Newton's Second Law |
If the net external force of an object is not -, the object will accelerate in the direction of the net force |
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Static Friction |
A force that prevents two surfaces from sliding relative to one another |
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Kinetic Friction |
The force that acts upon an object in the direction opposite to t direction it slides |
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Coefficient of Friction |
Ration of force of friction to normal force. μ = Ff/Fn μs = Fsmax/Fn μk = Fk/Fn |
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Energy |
Ability to do work. Unit (J). Scalar quantity |
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Work |
Transfer of energy from one object to another. Change of Energy. W=ΔE
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Efficiency |
When energy is converted, some is lost as heat when work is done by friction. Efficiency is a measure of how effective the conversion process is. nu = Eout/Ein * 100% |
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Power |
The rate at which energy is transferred. P = w/t |
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Thermal Energy |
Kinetic and potential energy at a molecular level |
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Temperature |
Indication of the average kinetic energy of particles |
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Define: Heat |
Movement of thermal energy from one thing to another. Ease of transfer depends on thermal conductivity. |
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Quantity of Heat |
The amount of thermal energy transferred from one object to another. Q = mcΔT |
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Specific Heat Capacity |
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1 degree Celsius |
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Mass Defect & Binding Energy |
It takes energy to hold the particles of a nucleus. This energy is stored in the bonds. Total mass of individual nucleons > nucleus. Lost mass is binding energy. This energy is released through splitting of the atoms. |
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Current |
How quickly electrons move. Count the amount of charge they have. Rate of flow of charge |
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Electric Potential |
Ratio of electric potential energy to charge. 1V = 1J/C |
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Electric Potential Difference |
Difference in electric potential difference. Voltage |
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Energy gained or lost |
V = ΔE/Q ... ΔE = VIΔt |
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Kirchhoff's Laws |
Current Law: Total current flowing into circuit junction must equal total current flowing out Voltage Law: Energy that is gained by current in moving through a circuit is also completely lost |
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Oersted's Principle |
Whenever a charge moves through a straight conductor, a circular magnetic field is created around teh conductor |
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Solenoid |
Coiled conductor. Acts as bar magnet. |
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Right Hand Rule #1 |
Thumb points in direction of conventional flow. Fingers curl in direction of magnetic field |
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Right Hand Rule #2 |
Thumb points in direction of North. Fingers curl in direction of conventional current |
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Motor Principle |
If a current carrying conductor is positioned in an external magnetic field so that the conductor cuts across that field, then the conductor will experience a force |
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Right Hand Rule #3 |
Grab conductor with right hand; fingers point in the direction of external magnetic field; thumb points in direction of conventional current. Right angle from palm is magnetic force |
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Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction |
If a conductor is exposed to a changing magnetic field, then a current will be induced within the conductor. Changing means changing size/direction. Magnitude of induced current depends on: number of turns in coil, speed in which its moving, strength of the inducing field. |
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Lenz's Law |
The direction of the induced current must be such that the induced field it creates opposes the inducing field |
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Transformers |
Step-Up: Secondary has higher electric potential (more winding) Step-Down: Secondary has lower electric potential (less winding) Vs/Vp = Ns/Np = Is/Ip |