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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Charles law and its application to anesthesia practice?
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Charle's law states that for a constant pressure the volume of gas is directly proportional to its temperature. The application for this gas law is when an LMA inflatable cuff expands in an autoclave
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What is Henry's Law and its application to anesthesia practice?
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Henry's law states that the amount of a gas that dissolves in liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in the gas phase. Its application is its ability to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen/CO2 in the blood
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How do you convert mm Hg of oxygen into ml/100ml blood?
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Multiply 0.003 * O2 mm Hg
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How do you convert FiO2 into ml/100ml blood?
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Multiply (FiO2 * 5) * 0.003
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How do you convert mm Hg CO2 into ml/100ml blood?
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Multioply 0.06 * mm Hg CO2
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How much does dissolved O2 increase when PaO2 increases from 100 to 500?
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Calculate what it is at 100. (100*0.003)=0.3
Calculate what it is at 500. (500*0.003)=1.5 Look at difference between 2 values. 1.5-0.3= (Answer is that O2 increased 1.2mL/100mL) |
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What is Boyle's law? Application?
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Boyle's law states that at a constant temperature pressure is inversely related to volume...more pressure, less volume. Applications include: ambu bag, spontaneous breathing, gas cylinder
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What is Gay-Lussac's law? Anesthesia application?
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Gay Lussac's law states that at constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature. When temperature in a gas cylinder increases, the pressure increases. Application: cylinders in transport. If a cylinder goes from cold environment to warm one, pressure increases. Conversely, cylinder moved from loading dock (45C) to OR (20C), the pressure in the cylinder decreases (hot to cold, pressure decreases). **Remember, cylinder has a constant volume.
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What is the generalized Ideal gas law?
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PV = nRT
pressure(volume) = moles of gas( universal gas constant) * Temperature |
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What is venturi's effect and Bernoulli's principle? Application?
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When fluid flows through a constricted region of a tube (Venturi Tube), the velocity of flow increases (visualize a narrowing in a stream), and the lateral pressure (the pressure exerted by the fluid on the walls of the tube) decreases (Bernoulli effect). Nebulizers and jet ventilators
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What is Dalton's law of partial pressure?
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The total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of the individual gases.
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How is partial pressure calculated?
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Take % of gas multiplied by atmospheric pressure 760.
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What are the partial pressures of nitrous and oxygen if delivered to patient in 70/30 Nitrous O2 mixture, assuming at sea level
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70*760=532mmHg of Nitrous
30*760=228mmHg of O2 |
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What is the partial pressure of O2 in mountains where atmospheric pressure is 550mmHg?
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21%*550=116mmHg
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Fick's law states that diffusion of a gas is DIRECTLY proportional to?
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Partial pressure gradient, area of the membrane, soluablity of the gas
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According to FICK's law diffusion of a gas is INVERSELY proportional to?
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thickness of a membrane, and square root of the molecular weight of the gas
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What are the applications of FICK's law?
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Explains concentration effect (related to solubility of gases), second gas effect, diffusion hypoxia, why nitrous leads to increase volume/pressure in gas spaces
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How does CO2 compare with O2 with regards to diffusion capabilities?
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CO2 diffuses 20x faster because it is MUCH more soluable in fluid than oxygen.
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When does equilibrium of an inhaled anesthetic occur?
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when the partial pressure of the gas is the same everywhere.
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How does a fetus recieve oxygen and drugs?
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Simple diffusion
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What does diffusion accross the aveoli to the capilary beds require?
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A diffusion gradient.
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What is the Beer's -Lambert law and what is it's clinical application?
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Intensity of light falls exponentially as the light passes through the liquid.
**Beer’s law is the basis for how pulse oximetry works.** |
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What is absolute humidity?
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the mass of water vapor in a given volume of air
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The partial pressure of saturate water vapor at 37C?
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saturated water vapor at 37 C is 47 mmHg****
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What department regulates the transport of cylinders?
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Department of Transportaion?
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