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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
which two types of muscle are striated
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cardiac and skeletal
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during devlopment, ____ or undifferentiated mononucleated cells fuse into a single cylindrical mutlinucleated cell
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myoblasts
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definition. a single skeletal muscle cell
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muscle fiber
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what are the two important factors following skeletal muscle damage
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satellite cells and muscle hypertrophy
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definition. dark band parallel arrangement and alignment of thick and thin filaments
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A band
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H zone
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narrow light band corresponding to the space between the opposing ends of two sets of thin filaments
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I band =
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light band
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definition. contains the regions of thin filaments that do not overlap heavy filaments
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I band or light band
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defintiion. network of itnerconnecting proteins that anchors thin filaments at the boundary of each sarcomere
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z line
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proteins that link the central region of adjacent thick filaments
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M line
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definition. elastic protein that extends from the Z line to the M line and is linked to both the M line proteins and thick filaments act to maintain the alignment of thick filaments in the middle of each sarcomere
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titin
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each myosin can interact wiht how many actin
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six
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each actin can interact with how many myosin
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3
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definition. myosin binds to actin and slides it pulling the z lines closer together and reducing the width of the i bands
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contraction or shortening
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do filament lengths change in contraction?
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no only overlapping increases
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what is reduced in muscle contraction
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HI
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what stays the same in muscle contraction
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A
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can you have contractions without shortening?
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yes like isometric exercise
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definition. thick filament that is actually a polymer of myosin molecuels each of which has a flexible cross bridge and that binds ATP and actin
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myosin
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definition. calcium binding protein. calcium causes a confromation change which affects tropomyosin and exposes actin for ginding
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troponin
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cross bridge cannot be released becasue no ATP is made
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after death rigor mortis
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in relaxed skeletal muscle, ____ blocks the cross bridge binding site on actin
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tropomyosin
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contraction occurs when _____ bind to troponin; this complex then pulls tropomyosin away from the cross bridge binding site
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calcium ions
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what does the latent period between excitation and development of tension in msucle include
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time to release calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum
move tropomyosin \cycl the corss bridge |
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the sarcoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the ___ ____
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endoplasmic reticulum
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where is calcium stored
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lateral sacs
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what receptors release calcium into the lateral sac
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DHP and ryanodine receptors which are both voltage sensitive
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where are DHP and ryanodine receptors found
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T tubules
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how is caclium taken back into the lateral sack
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primary active transport
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what does calcium bind to
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troponin which makes a conformationl change on tropomyosin
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what are the three functions of ATP in skeletal muscle
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energize the cross bridge
dissociate the cross bridge energy for active transport of caclium into the reticulum lowering cytosolic calcium to prerelase levels ending the contraction and allowing the muscle fiber to relax |
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definition. motor neuron and all of the fibrils it innervates
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single motor unit
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how may motor neurons will a fibril receive a synapse from
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a single motor neuron
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why are muscles not all or none
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more can be recruited to reach full contraction ... there is not always full contraction
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definition. the point of synaptic contact between the axon terminal or a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it controls
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neuromuscular junction
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definition. analogous to an EPSP
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EPP
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what does metric mean
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length
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definition. responds well to repetitive stimulation without becomign fatigued muscles of the body posure are examples
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slow oxidative skeletal muscle
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defintiion. responsds quickly and to repetitive stimulation without becomign fatigued
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fast oxidative muscles
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defintiion. used fro quick bursts of strong activation
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fast glycolytic skeletal muscle
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walking is an example of what kind of muslce
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fast oxidative
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jumping is an example of what kind of muscle
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fast glycolytic
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which skeletal muscles are the smallest
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slow oxidative
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which skeletal muscles are the whitest
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fast glycolytic
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