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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 major functions of the circulatory system
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1. Transportation
2. Temp Regulation 3. Wound Care 4. Immune Function |
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Divides heart top from bottom, both sides dont contract simultaneously
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Fibrous Skeleton
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outer layer, tough connective tissue not connected to the heart
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Pericardium
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Actual heart wall
connective tissue, fat, blood vessels |
Epicardium
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Muscle layer of heart with slow-twitch fibers, middle
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Myocardium
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innermost layer of the heart
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Endocardium
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Cardiac muscle structure and function
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branching structure to prevent damage, gap junctions for direct communication between fibers, function: generate pressure
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electrically unstable, generates spontaneous AP, initiates heartbeat, pacemaker
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SA node
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What is the primary modifier of heart rate?
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Autonomic innervation of the SA node
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slower than normal heart rate at rest
least dangerous |
bradycardia
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fast heart rate at rest
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tachycardia
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no coordination, random contraction
most dangerous |
fibrillation
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Volume at the end of contraction (in the ventricle)
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End Systolic Volume
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Volume at the end of relaxation before contraction, (max blood in ventricle)
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End Diastolic Volume
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Blood amount pumped out of the heart (ventricle) in a single beat
(EDV-ESV) |
Stroke Volume
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Pressure Volume Loop
-min pressure and volume (ESV) |
A
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Pressure Volume Loop
-max volume (EDV) -min pressure change |
B
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Pressure Volume Loop
-exceed aortic pressure -open semilunar valve |
C
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Pressure Volume Loop
-semilunar valve closes |
D
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Ventricular "ejection fraction"
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SV/EDV
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Amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in a minute
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Cardiac output
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Cardiac output
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SV x HR
avg: 5.5 so takes one min to travel though body in blood |
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three factors that determine Stroke Volume
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1. End Diastolic Volume ^
2. Total Peripheral ResistanceV 3. Contractility |
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Sum of resistance outside the heart
resistance to blood flow |
Total peripheral resistance
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Is peripheral resistance higher in systemic or pulmonary circulation?
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Systemic- higher
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Close/open capillary beds
in arterioles |
precapillary sphincters
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Type of capillary
-majority with tight juntions |
Continuous
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Type of capillary
-300x more leaky, windows |
Fenestrated
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Type of capillary
-gaps between cells, move large elements -in bone marrow, liver |
Discontinuous
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High point pressure of arteries during contraction
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Systolic pressure
normal:120 |
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Lowest pressure at the end of relaxation
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Diastolic pressure
normal: 80 |
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Pulse Pressure
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systolic BP- diastolic BP
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Mean Arterial Pressure
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1/3 PP + diastolic BP
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three main factors that determine Arterial BP
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1. Cardiac output
2. Total Blood Volume 3. Total Peripheral Resistance |
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Sensory receptors that measure pressure changes, communicate with CNS
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Baroreceptors
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Regulate blood volume, long term control
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Hormones
-control BP -ADH Aldosterone |
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thincker L ventricle wall, muscle grows inward, decreasing volume
can be caused by hypertension |
Pathological Hypertrophy
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-clot formation
-cause vasoconstriction |
Platelets
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the formation of blood cells from stem cells is bone marrow and lymph nodes
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Hematopoiesis
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formation of RBCs (bone marrow, fast rate)
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Erythropoesis
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formation of WBCs
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Leukopoesis
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=cessation of bleeding
1. vasoconstriction 2. formation of platelet plug 3. Fibrin web |
Hemostasis
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movement of fluid from capillary plasma to ISF
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Filtration
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movement of fluid from ISF to capillary plasma
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Absorption
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sum of pressure driving OUT
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hydrostatic pressure in capillary
oncotic pressure of ISF |
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Sum of pressure driving IN
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hydrostatic pressure of ISF
oncotic pressure of blood plasma |
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Net Fluid Movement
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OUT (filtration) - IN (absorption)
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stronger of the two forces?
filtration/absorption |
Filtration
-blood entering veins is more dehydrated |
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Lymphatic System 3 main functions
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1. pick up excess fluid in capillary beds, return to veins
2. trans absorbed fat from small intest--blood 3. immunological defense |