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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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net diffusion of water across a permeable membrane
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osmosis
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form channels across the cell membrane through which water molecules can diffuse
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aquaporins
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solution that causes a net influx of water into the cell
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hypotonic solution
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causes a net efflux of water from a cell
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hypertonic
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cause no net flux of water in or out of a cell
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isotonic solution
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if a cell appears opaque what happened
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shriveled
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if a cell appears clear what happened
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burst hemolysis
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what is hemolysis
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when a red blood cell bursts due to the concentration of outside solution
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define blood
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a mixture of cellular components suspended in fluid called plasma
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name four things that blood is responsible for carrying
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water, electrolytes, proteins, gases
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why is it that blood can indicate physiological changes in the body
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because it carries many things such as electrolytes, gases, water, proteins, nutrients, hormones
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what is the response in blood typing called
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agglutination
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when you put blood in blood typing test is the blood acting as the anitgen or the antibody
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antigen. anti-A for example is what is added
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what is used to perform blood cell counts
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hemacytometer
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why does white blood have more area on a hemacytometer
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there is less so more area is needed to search
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definition: blood plasma without fibrinogen
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blood serum
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what does a high hematocrit tell you
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dehydration, high erythropoietin, polycythemia
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what does a low hematocrit tell you
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anemia, blood loss, low RBC, bone marrow failure, malnutrtion
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definition: a hemoprotein composed of glbin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color, functions primarily to transport oxygen formt he lungs tot he body tissues
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hemoglobin
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what does high hemoglobin tell you
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high RBC congentinal heart disease pulmonary disease
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what does low hemoglobin tell you
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anemia, low RBC, blood cell destruction, malnutrition. altitude
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leukocyte=
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white blood cell
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WBC or RBC?
tells you infection, tissue damage, leukemia |
WBC
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WBC or RBC?
tells you anemia, blood loss, hemolysis, erythropotein imbalance, bone marrow failure, heart disease |
RBC
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conditions such as hemophilia, cirrhosis, hepatitis, malabsorption of nutrients, vit K deficiency can be told by...
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clotting time
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why did we use goat anti rabbit IgG instead of rabbit antiIgg
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rabbits wouldn't produce antibodies to themselves
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what is an IgG
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immoglobulins
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what does ELISA stand for
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enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay
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what are ELISA tests usually used for
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anything that determiens abundance of various compounds found in blood serum including hormones like insulin testosterone and estrogen and infectious agents like AIDS or herpes
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did the control in the ELISA test contain serum?
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no
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what is TBS
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a buffer that creates a friendly environment for development
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what is TBS gelatin
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smoothes the cracks in the plate
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where was the enzyme-linked part in our lab experimetns
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the goat antirabbit IgG peroxidase in the antibody reaction
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what does the color devlopment solution link onto
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the enzyme of the enzyme link goat anti rabbit IgG peroxidase
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does high transmittance mean there is a high or low conc
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low conc
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summarize the steps of the ELISA test
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1. rabbit serum with antigens with highest conc in the A1 B1 and all 1 sections
2. buffer to let it develop 3. sit for 20 mins to let it bind and incubate 4. TBS gelatin to only show pointy antigen binding site 5. goat anti-rabbit IgG peroxidase is added for the antibody reaction 6. wait 20 mins to let the reaction go 7. TBS NP40 , TBS gelatin, distilled water were used for several washes 8. color development solution |
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any substance that can stimulate the prouction fo antibodies and combine specifically with them
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antigen
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any of numerous Y shaped protein molecules produced by B cells as primary immune defense each molecules and its clones having a unique bindign cite that binds to antigens
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antibody
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the part of a macrocolecule that is recognized by the immune system, specifically antibodies, B or T cells
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epitope
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the part of an antibody that recognizes the epitope
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paratope
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what two things can B cells differentiate into
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plasma cells taht secrete soluble anitbodies
memory cells that allow the immune system to remember an antigen |
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can antibodies respond to more than one antigen?
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no
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what are the ways that anibodies actually contribute to immunity
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prevent pathogens from entering cells
stimulate removal of pathogens by macrophages trigger descrution of the pathogen by stimulating other immune response |
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defition: binding of the antibody and complement molecules marksthe microbe for ingetstion by phagocytes
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opsonization
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antibodies bind to pathogens to link them together, causing them to ____
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agglutinate
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look up the picture in the lab lecture on ELISA
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ok
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Ig_ is found in all body fluids and is 75-80% of antibodies
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IgG
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do we need to know IgA IgE etc?
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???
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where is the ELISA tray dark
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goes 1dark to 6 light
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a cell in the blood that transports oxygen and co2 to and from the tissues
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erythrocyte or RBC
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any of the vaios bloods cells that have a nucleus and cytoplasm and help protect the body from infection and disease
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leukocyte
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