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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Structure of the Membrane |
lipid bilayer= 75% phospholipids, 20% cholesterol, 5% glycolipids |
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Integral Proteins |
extend into or through the lipid bilayer. Glycoproteins(proteins with carbohydrate groups attached to the ends that protrude into extracelluar fluid) Glycocalyx-molecular "signature" that enables cells to recognize each other, enables cells to join each other, protects cells from being |
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transmembrane proteins |
protrude into both the cytosol and extracellular fluid |
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peripheral proteins |
attached to membrane lipids or integral proteins at the inner or outer surface of the membrane |
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Ion Channel |
integral proteins that form a pore or hole which specific ions can flow through to gain entry or leave the cell |
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Carrier or Transporter |
integral proteins selectively move a polar substance or ion from one side of the membrane to the other |
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Receptor |
integral proteins that recognize and bind a specific type of molecule Ligand- a specific molecule that binds to a receptor |
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Enzyme |
integral proteins that catalyze specific chemical reactions at the inside or outside surface of the cell |
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Linker |
integral or peripheral proteins that anchor the plasma membranes of neighboring cells to one another |
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Cell Identity Markers |
glyocoproteins and glycolipids that enable a cell to 1) recognize other cells of similar tissue formation 2) recognize and respond to dangerous foreign cells. |
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Selective Permeability |
The property of a membrane by which it permits the passage of certain substances but restricts the passage of others |
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Intracellular Fluid(ICF) |
Fluid within Cells |
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Extracellular Fluid(ECF) |
1)Interstitial Fluid=between the cells of tissues 2)Plasma=in blood vessels 3)Lymph=in lymphatic vessels |
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Passive Processes |
a substance moves down its concentration gradient using its own kinetic energy |
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Active Processes |
cellular energy is used to drive "uphill" usually adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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Diffusion |
Kinetic Energy Transport Passive process, higher to lower concentration Ex. Lungs and inhalation |
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Osmosis |
Kinetic Energy Transport Passive Process, higher to lower WATER concentrations |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
Transport by Transporter Proteins Passive Process, transmembrane proteins function as carriers. GLUCOSE |
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Active Transport |
Transport by Transporter Proteins Active Process, Lower concentration to Higher Ex. Nerve Cell Impulse |
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Endocytosis |
Transport in Vesicles(membranous sac) Active Process Materials move into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane |
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Exocytosis |
Transport in Vesicles Active Process Materials move out of a cell into extracellular fluid |
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Phagocytosis |
"Cell eating" Pseudopods surround a particle and the membranes fuse to form phagosome |
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Pinocytosis |
"cell drinking" |
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Tight Junctions |
help seal off intercellular space so material cannot pass easily between them. Zipper-like pattern |
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Desmosomes |
They are especially important in areas that require resistance to strong mechanical stress. Protein filaments move through both cells and 'hook back' on each other. |
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Gap Junctions |
important in cardiac muscle tissue. They are formed from six proteins, called a connexon, that create a cytoplasmic channel between adjacent cells. Small molecules and electrical charges are able to travel easily from one cell to another through these channels. |