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291 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of the Planning Domain?
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It includes the tasks, tools, and techniques in order to effectively plan for the deliverables and activities needed to deliver quality requirements.
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What is the definition of the Planning Domain?
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It includes the tasks, tools, and techniques in order to effectively plan for the deliverables and activities needed to deliver quality requirements.
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What additional things need to be considered in planning?
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Choosing the tools and processes to be used to collect, manage, communicate, and change requirements and other artifacts throughout the requirements life cycle.
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What is the goal of the Planning Domain?
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To effectively manage business analysis activities and requirements life cycle management.
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What is "Planning"?
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The tasks and outputs for planning and organizing requirements activities and for monitoring business analysis work to ensure it produces desired outcomes.
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What are the themes to consider in the Planning Domain?
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Understand Stakeholders, Control Change, Requirements Traceability
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What does the theme "Understand Stakeholders" refer to in Planning?
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Consider your stakeholders and adjust to their needs, such as choosing tools they understand or modifying techniques
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What does the theme "Control Change" mean in regards to Planning?
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Planning will thoroughly consider how changes will be analyzed and accommodated, including the mechanics of business analysis documentation
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What does the theme "Requirements Traceability" mean in regards to Planning?
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Determining the requirements traceability plan, including what will be traced, tools that will be used, who will have access, and any other traceability needs.
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What is the mnemonic for the tasks of the Planning Domain?
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PTMCDE (Part Time Moms Can't do Everything)
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What are the tasks of the Planning Domain?
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Determine Project Context, Plan Requirements Traceability, Plan Requirements Management, Plan Requirements Change Control, Plan Document Control, Define Project Expected Outcomes
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What is the definition of the task "Determine Project Context" in Planning?
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To review the Business Case and the project goals and objectives, to provide context for the BA activities
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What is the definition of the task "Plan Requirements Traceability" in Planning?
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Define the strategy for traceability including the tools and techniques, and level of traceability necessary to monitor and validate the requirements
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What is the definition of the task "Plan Requirements Management" in Planning?
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Develop a requirements management plan by identifying stakeholders, roles and responsibilities, communication protocols, and methods for eliciting, analyzing, documenting, managing, and approving requirements to establish a roadmap for delivering the expected solution.
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What is the definition of the task "Plan Requirements Change Control" in Planning?
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Select the methods for change control by identifying channels for communicating requests and processes for managing changes to establish standard protocols for incorporation into the change management plan
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What is the definition of the task "Plan Document Control" in Planning?
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Select methods for document control by using documentation management tools and techniques to establish a standard for requirements traceability and versioning
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What is the definition of the task "Define Project Expected Outcomes" in Planning?
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Define business metrics and acceptance criteria by collaborating with stakeholders for use in evaluating when the solution meets the requirements
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Why is context important in planning?
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It is a way to bridge Needs Assessment and Planning, if the BA is not brought onto the project until it has already begun.
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When is it critical to consider context in planning?
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When the BA does not have first-hand knowledge of the project background
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What documents might be reviewed as a part of determining the project context?
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Business Case, Project Goals & Objectives
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What is a "Business Case"?
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A documented economic feasibility study used to establish validity of benefits of a selected component lacking sufficient definition and that is used as a basis for the authorization of further project management activities
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What are the components of a "Business Case"?
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Business Need, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Solution Scope, Risk Assessment
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How would the selected approach be important in project context?
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If will determine the tasks that need to be done and the sequence of those tasks
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What is a Project Life Cycle?
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A collection of phases/events that are needed to complete the project
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True or False: the project approach often determines the business analysis approach?
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TRUE. The project approach may dictate the BA Approach.
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What is project approach important in context?
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Different approaches can have different processes, activities, and deliverables that will impact the BA work and requirements management effort
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What are the types types of project approach?
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Adaptive (aka Agile), or Predictive (aka Traditional or Waterfall)
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Which type of project approach are you using if the documentation tends to be more formal?
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Predictive
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Which type of project approach are you using if it is focused on collaboration?
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Adaptive
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True or False: Both waterfall and agile projects can be Incremental
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TRUE.
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If your project is complex, what would be the best project approach?
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Predictive
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At what point in a predictive project are requirements baselined?
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After Analysis, but before Design
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What are the key features of a predictive project?
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- Focus is on minimizing uncertaining- BA endeavors to capture all the requirements at the beginning of the project- New requirements discovered later are managed through change control- Approach is one-directional and phased- Most of the BA effort occurs at the beginning of the project
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What are the three planning levels of adaptive projects?
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Product, Release, and Sprint
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In adaptive projects, business analysis occurs ____ throughout the project.
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Iteratively
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What are the key features of an adaptive project?
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- Business value is emphasized, minimizing uncertainty- Evolutionary, adds new features in each iteration- Builds deployable product- Delivered in short time frames- Works well with smaller projects- Uses both iterative and incremental methodologies
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What is an incremental approach?
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Divides the product deliverable into smaller components or increments.
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What is an iterative approach?
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Develops limited results in short timeframes.
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What is the difference between iterative and incremental?
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Iterative is about planned rework. Incremental only develops new functionality in an iteration.
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What the is outcome of Determining the Project Context?
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The BA has a full background and understanding of the project and expected outcomes, which serves as a basis for all future BA work on the project.
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What is an RTM?
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Requirements Traceability Matrix
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What is the purpose of an RTM?
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To trace requirements back to the project and organization's objectives, and forward to the project team deliverables that support the requirements
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True or False: traceability only needs to go one direction
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FALSE. Traceability needs to be bi-directional, both forward and backward.
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What attributes should be considered for inclusion on a traceability matrix?
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CARAS SOUPS (Complexity, Absolute Reference, Risks, Author, Source, Status, Ownership, Urgency, Priority, Stability)
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What are some elements that might be tracked on a traceability matrix?
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Reference materials (designs, test cases, business objectives, business rules), Interfaces, Dependencies (related requirements)
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What are management components on a traceability matrix?
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Elements that can help the BA manage the requirement, such as version, who approved, when something was implemented, comments)
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True or False: A RTW is typically used on adaptive projects
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FALSE. The product backlog provides the traceability on adaptive projects.
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On adaptive projects, what provides traceability?
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The product backlog
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In adaptive, user stories represent what type of requirements?
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Stakeholder requirements
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What techniques are used in planning traceability?
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- Backlog Management- Issues (problem) tracking- Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM)
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What is the output of the task "Plan Requirements Traceability" in Planning?
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A requirements traceability plan, communicated to the project team.
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Which task in Planning is the largest?
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Plan Requirements Management
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What are some considerations when performing the "Plan Requirements Management" task of planning?
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- Leveraging past experiences- Refining stakeholder analysis- Business analysis activities & schedule- Risk Planning- Prioritization- Project Management Plan- Project Approach
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What are the main differences between a "Lessons Learned" and "Retrospectives"?
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- The timing of when they are performed- The format (what went went, what needs to be improved, and what should be discontinued)
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True or False: there is a standard way of performing Lessons Learned on Predictive Projects
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FALSE. There is no standard.
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What is a WBS?
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Work Breakdown Structure - a planning technique that hierarchically breaks down deliverables into manageable pieces
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Who is typically responsible for creating a WBS?
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Project Manager
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Who is responsible for estimating?
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The person who will be completing the work
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Who is responsible for managing risks to the product scope or requirements?
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Business Analyst
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What is contingency planning?
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It is the outcome of analyzing the risks to a product and the planned response if the risk becomes a reality
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What is the calculation for planning contingency?
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Cost of Risk ($)* Likelihood (%) = $ Contingency Reserve
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Planning contingency is part of planning for what?
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Risk
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What types of tools and techniques are used in the task "Plan Requirements Management" in Planning?
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Estimating, Scheduling, Contingency Planning
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The "Precedence Diagram Method" is an example of what type of planning technique?
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Scheduling
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What are the techniques used for Estimating?
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Analogous, Averaging, Bottom Up, Estimation Poker, Parametric
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True or False: The BA Requirements Management Plan should be a standalone document
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FALSE. The BA Requirements Management plan should be reflected in the overall Project Management Plan.
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What are the components of a "Requirements Management Plan"?
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- Requirements Activities- Prioritization Plans- Risk Planning- Configuration Management Planning- Roles & Responsibilities- Communication Plans- Traceability Plans
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Prioritization plans, Traceability Plans, and Roles & Responsibilities are components of what type of planning?
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Requirements Management Planning
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What is Change Control?
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A process that allows the project to adapt for needed changes to project baselines in a systematic, thoughtful way.
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What is used to avoid scope creep and project overruns?
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Change Control
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Who is responsible for ensuring changes to the project are controlled and managed?
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Project Manager
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Who is responsible for managing changes to product scope and requirements?
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Business Analyst
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True or False: Planning can be done independently, and does not require the feedback or input from other stakeholders
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FALSE. All planning documents should be reviewed by the stakeholders, and their input received and considered.
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What are the main sections of a change request?
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Identifying information, request information, impact analysis, approval, tracking
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What is a CCB?
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Change Control Board
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A Change Control Board is responsible for what?
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Reviewing and approving or rejecting all project change requests.
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Documenting ___ ___ is a critical piece of the Requirements Change Management planning
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Approval Authorities
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The __ __ is the keeper of the product backlog, and has the authority to make changes without escalating in an adaptive project.
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Product Owner
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What is a baseline?
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The approved version of a work product that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison
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True or False: in an adaptive approach, new features cannot be added to the current sprint.
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TRUE. This is the equivalent of a baseline in predictive projects.
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What is "Configuration Management"?
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A collection of formal documented processes, templates, and documentation used to apply governance to changes to the product, service, results or subcomponent being developed.
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Formal tools, processes, and procedures used to manage changes are defined as what?
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Configuration Management System
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True or False: A configuration management system may be largely manual, or may involve use of an automated system.
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TRUE. Configuration management may be conducted in either fashion.
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Configuration management tools developed specifically for management of requirements are called what?
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Requirements Management System
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What types of techniques are used for Plan Requirements Change Control?
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Change and Version Control
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What is the primary tool used for Change Control?
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Configuration Management System
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What is CMS?
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Configuration Management System
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What is VCS?
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Version Control System
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True or False: the Change Control Plan may reside independent of the overall Project Management Plan.
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TRUE. It may be a separate document, or it may be included.
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SharePoint is an example of what type of system?
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Version Control System
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Version control systems speak specifically to __ controls.
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Document
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What is the output of the task "Plan Document Control" in Planning?
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Document Control Plan
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What is the purpose of defining expected outcomes in Planning?
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To select the metrics that will measure the effectiveness of the solution
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True or False: Defining Project Expected Outcomes is about measuring project process.
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FALSE. It is about selecting metrics that will be used to measure solution effectiveness.
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Time to process and customers per hour are examples of what?
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Evaluation criteria for measuring Expected Outcomes
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What are some examples of measures that might be included when Defining Project Expected Outcomes?
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- Time to process- Customers per hour- Increased sales- Increased profit
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What techniques are used in Defining Project Expected Outcomes?
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- Metrics, such as KPIs- Service Level Agreement's- Language
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What is Planguage?
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need definition
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What is an SLA?
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Service Level Agreement
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What is a KPI?
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Key Performance Indicator
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What makes good acceptance criteria?
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- Written from the perspective of the end-user or customer- Not technical requirements- SMART- Owner by the project sponsor or owner
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What are the types of measures that should be considered when planning project expected outcomes?
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Customer, Sales & Marketing, Operational Assessments, Functionality
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What is the output of the task "Define Project Expected Outcomes"?
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Acceptance Criteria and/or Key Performance Indicators
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What is the mnemonic for the types of Estimating?
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AABEP (Always Answer Before Eliminating Possibilities)
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What is "Analogous" estimating?
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A technique to estimate based on using similar past projects to forecast hours and/or costs.
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When is Analogous estimating most often used?
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In the early stages of a project when there may not be a great deal of information available.
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Analogous estimating is also known as what?
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ROM (Rough Order of Magnitude) or a SWAG
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What is the quickest, yet least accurate, way to develop an estimate?
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Analogous Estimating
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What is "Average" estimating?
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- Metrics, such as KPIs- Service Level Agreements- Planguage
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"Average" estimating is also known as what?
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Three-point estimating
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Average estimating is best used when?
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When there is some uncertainty, but the estimate needs to have some basis in reality
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What is "Bottom Up" estimating?
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A type of estimating that is done when you have full information for project deliverables
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What is the most precise form estimating?
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Bottom Up
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Bottom Up estimating is completed through the process known as ___.
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Decomposition
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What is "Estimation Poker"?
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A technique primarily used by agile teams to estimate the effort for each user story.
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Estimation Poker is also known as what?
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Planning Poker
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Estimation Poker uses the concept of ___ estimation.
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Relative
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What are three ways to do Estimation Poker?
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T-shirt Sizing, Fibonacci sequence, Dog breeds
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What is "Parametric" estimation?
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Uses historical data to determine parameters to be in formulas to extrapolate an estimate for a small amount of work to a large amount of work.
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What is Business Analysis Planning?
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Consists of the activities that are performed to ensure the optimal business analysis approach is selected
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What are some reasons for BA Planning?
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- To thoroughly identify and analyze stakeholders- Choose the BA activities and deliverables- Identify processes for validating, verifying, and approving requirements and solutions- Understand the process for proposing changes- Making sure key stakeholders are aware and support the activities and time commitments
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What is the Business Analysis Approach?
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The method the business analyst uses when managing and performing the BA activities on the project
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In which artifact is the Business Analysis approach described?
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Business Analysis Plan
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Business Analysis planning is heavily dependent on what?
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The selected project life cycle
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True or False: there is one approach to business analysis planning that will work for every project
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False; the context and project characteristics will affect which approach will work best
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What is a critical portion of the overall project activities?
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Business Analysis Planning
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What is dependent on adequate business analysis?
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Program and Project success
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True or False: Business Analysis planning and scheduling is performed independently of project management
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False. The best practice is to have the PM and BA working closely together while the BA approach and plan are formulated
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True or False: the BA Plan must be included in the overall project management plan
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True. The BA Plan should be integrated with the PM plan managed by the Project Manager
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What is a "Stakeholder"?
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Any individual, group, or organization that might affect, or be affected by a program or project
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True or False: Stakeholder may be those who perceive themselves to be affected by a decision, project or program
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True.
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What is "Stakeholder Analysis"?
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A technique to systematically gather and analyze quantitative and qualitative information to determine whose interested should be taken into account
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When is stakeholder analysis most typically conducted?
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During the Planning Phase
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Why is it important to analyze stakeholders during planning?
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So the project team can understand the stakeholder impacts and influences on the BA process as early as possible
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True or False: Stakeholder Analysis is completed in Planning and is not revisited
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False. Stakeholder analysis is conducted iteratively and is regularly revisited
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How do project managers use stakeholder analysis?
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To assess how the stakeholder groups will influence and impact the project work
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How do business analysts use stakeholder analysis?
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They use the results to understand how the stakeholders will impact the business analysis process
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Which role uses stakeholder analysis to understand how stakeholders will influence and impact project work?
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Project Manager
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Which role uses stakeholder analysis to understand how stakeholders will impact the business analysis process?
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Business Analyst
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When is the initial stakeholder list is generated?
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Early Planning
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True or False: PMs and BAs use stakeholder analysis to understand how to communicate, collaborate, manage, and set expectations
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True, but the BA also considers a number of stakeholder characteristics to determine how to best conduct business analysis activities
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Which techniques are typically used to identify stakeholders?
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Brainstorming, Decomposition modeling, interviews, survey, Organizational Charts
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Brainstorming is comprised of these two parts
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Idea Generation, Analysis
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What technique might be used to generate the initial list of stakeholders, discover new stakeholders, or to identify a list of tasks to include in the BA work plan?
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Brainstorming
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What is the goal of stakeholder analysis?
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To identify all stakeholders who have needs to be met by the product or service and may have requirements for it
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True or False: Oversight of just one role can result in solution implementation failure
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True; the solution may fail to meet the needs or hundreds or thousands of customers if a stakeholder is missed
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Stakeholder who are positive about the project may serve as what?
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Project Champions
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True or False: stakeholder attitudes are solely based upon likes and dislikes
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False. A stakeholder who exerts dislike or disinterest may simply see not value in the solution, or may not receive direct value from the work
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Why is it important to understand stakeholders with negative attitudes?
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Understanding their concerns will help to engage them despite their lack of support for the project
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What are some stakeholder attributes that are common to consider?
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Attitude, complexity, experience, culture, level of influence, location and availability
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Understanding __ __ will help when quantifying and planning the number of requirements session to conduct
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Complexity levels
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What are top two reasons for project complexity?
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Multiple stakeholders, ambiguity in project features
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The number of stakeholders, stakeholders with vastly different needs and lack of uniformity in business processes describe what?
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Complexity factors
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What are some aspects of culture that might be considered?
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Age, nationality, departmental or organizational culture
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How might cultural difference impact stakeholders?
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How work is performed, how team members interact, non-verbal communication, questioning or interacting with authority
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How will understanding and recognizing cultural differences help the BA?
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In gaining awareness and appreciation for delivery they can use their understanding to run a more effective BA process
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What factors should a BA consider when evaluating stakeholder experience?
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- The number of years of industry experience- Whether they have worked with the organization for an extended period of time- Whether the stakeholder is new to the organization- Breadth of business knowledge (to help identify gaps)
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What does understanding the level of stakeholder influence help a BA with?
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Identifying where influence can serve as a motivator or distractor
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True or False: Influence is often tied to a person's position in the organization
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True, but it's also affected by business relationships, reputation, knowledge or level of experience, or success in the organization
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When considering level of influence, the BA should analyze the the __ an individual or stakeholder possesses.
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Power
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When considering location and availability of stakeholders, what factors should a BA consider?
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- Whether remote work is supported, and if so, where remote work occurs- The frequency that stakeholders work from each location- Connectivity methods
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Analyzing stakeholder location and availability helps a BA with what?
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- Choosing the best approach for collaboration- Scheduling business analysis activities- Choosing the techniques for conducting business analysis
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Why might it be useful to group stakeholders?
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Large stakeholder lists can quickly become long and difficult to manage, and grouping makes it easier to manage
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What are some ways stakeholders might be grouped?
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Similar interests, common needs, level of important, role, motivations, complexity levels, location, etc.
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What techniques are used to conduct stakeholder analysis and/or grouping?
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Job analysis, organizational modeling, persons, process modeling, risk analysis, and stakeholder maps
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True or False: stakeholder analysis results are not sensitive
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False; they could be sensitive in nature so tread carefully when sharing the information
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True or False: the intent of stakeholder analysis is to stereotype
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False; the goal is obtain a better understanding of them to aid in conducting BA activities
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True or False: the BA plan is formal and must be included in the PM plan
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False. It may be formal or informal, but if it were formal, it would be included in the Project Management Plan
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Assumptions should be included in which document?
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Business Analysis Plan
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What is "rolling wave planning"?
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Planning rom a high-level first, and a more detailed level late in the project when activities are ready to be performed
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What is a Business Analysis Plan?
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Planning from a high-level first, and a more detailed level late in the project when activities are ready to be performed
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True or False: the Business Analysis Plan and Requirements Management Plan are the same thing
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False. The Requirements Management plan is a component of the Project Management plan and describes how the overall requirements will be elicited, analyzed, documented and managed.
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The Requirements Management plan covers planning decisions for both the __ and __ requirements.
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Product and Project
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At a very high-level, the Business Analysis Plan includes what?
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All information that is documented regarding business analysis planning decisions.
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What is a best practice for documenting the Requirements Management Plan?
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The BA and PM should work together to ensure content is not duplicated between the requirements management plan and the Business Analysis plan
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What specific items should be included in a Business Analysis Plan?
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- List of activities to be conducted- List of business deliverables to be produced- List of roles requirements to successfully conduct the business analysis process- Key decisions for things such as: prioritization, documentation, validation, communication, requirements approvals/changes
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If a decision is made and team members don't agree, who is responsible for negotiating and bring the team to consensus?
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Business Analyst
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True or False: a BA plan can include the rationale for decisions that were made
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True, this is a good practice
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What elements of a BA plan may be influenced by the project life cycle approach selected?
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Type of elicitation activities, requirements analysis models, how requirements will be documented, deliverables, roles and responsibilities, how requirements will be prioritized, etc.
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What is the right level of business analysis planning?
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The BA should avoid being too prescriptive and try to find a balance in the amount of planning performed.
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What are some considerations when deciding on the level of BA planning?
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- Balancing between flexibility and management- Do not sacrifice good management practices for flexibility
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True or False: the BA Plan should be detailed
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False. It should provide enough guidance to ensure quality, but should not plan out every step of the process
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What are some good first steps when starting business analysis planning?
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Review the business case, project goals, and objective to obtain the necessary context
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Type of project, risk level, selected project life cycle, technology trends, market conditions are example of what?
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Project characteristics that should be considered when project context
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What are some project characteristics to consider when thinking about project context?
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Risk tolerance, geographic distribution of stakeholders, imposed constraints or regulations, level of detail and formality required
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What defines the structure for managing the project?
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The Life Cycle
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What is a project lifecycle?
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The series of phases that a project passes through from initiation to closure
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True or False: The BA should tailer process decisions in accordance with the project life cycle selected
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TRUE
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What are the three names for predictive types of projects?
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Traditional, Waterfall, Plan-driven
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The project life cycle impacts decisions about business analysis processes such as what?
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Timing of activities, approach for prioritization, methods for addressing changes, deliverables, etc.
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Who is responsible for stakeholder engagement?
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The BA is responsible for stakeholder engagement in the business analysis process whereas the PM is responsible for project stakeholder engagement
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What is a best practice by teams to discuss, analyze, and document feedback about completed project activities?
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Lessons Learned (in plan-driven projects)
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When do lessons learned typically take place?
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At the end of a major phase or the completion of a project
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What is the process for retrospectives?
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Set the stage, gather data, generate insights, decide what to do, close
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What is the purpose of a retrospective?
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To identify areas where team performance can be improved, and to reflect on success
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What is the difference between a Lessons Learned and a Retro?
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The biggest difference is the timing and speed by which issues raised are addressed and the formality arounding documenting the learnings
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True or False: Retros can only be used with adaptive projects
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False. Though this is more typical, retrospectives could be performed in any type of project
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When planning for elicitation, what should the BA think about?
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How and when to elicit, which techniques to use, and the sequence of the activities
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Why is elicitation planning performed?
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To ensure sufficient time is allocated for the elicitation work
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What happens when insufficient time is allocated for elicitation activities?
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Dependent downstream tasks may be delayed
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What are some strategies that could be used when choosing how to sequence elicitation activities?
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Focus on: areas of greater risk, significant technical challenges, dependences, third-party resources
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What constrains the sequencing of the elicitation activities?
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Project dates key stakeholders impose on the project
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Planning for analysis is __ and occurs throughout the project
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Iterative
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When should the BA make the decision about how requirements be prioritized?
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Before they are prioritized (as a part of planning)
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Which skills will a BA leverage when prioritizing requirements?
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Negotiation and Conflict Management
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What factors might be considered when choosing a prioritization method?
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- When prioritization will occur- Likelihood of changes to priority- Who is involved in the process- What criteria will be used- Technique that will be used- Who will approve the decisions
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Which life cycle makes incorporating changes more difficult?
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Predictive
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What are some major factors to consider in prioritization?
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Value, Cost, Difficult, Regulatory, Risk
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What are some common techniques for prioritization?
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MoSCoW, multivoting, timeboxing, weighted ranking
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What is involved with traceability?
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Documenting requirement relationships and is used in business analysis to maintain product scope
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True or False: Traceability only goes one direction
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False. Traceability allows you to trace backwards to find the origin, and also forward to see how the requirements was tested and implemented
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What are requirements that are documented, but fail to race to a business need?
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Out of Scope
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What are requirements that fail to trace to a solution component?
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Areas where the product is not in compliance with the requirements
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If traceability is performed, what does that help a BA understand?
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How the change impacts related project components and test cases
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What helps to ensure that the impacts of requirements change are properly assessed and quantified from a risk, cost, and time perspective?
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Traceability
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What types of projects require more traceability?
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Higher-risk or more complex projects
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What are some things to consider when planning traceability?
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- Level of detail to trace to- Relationships that will be established and maintained- Requirements attributes to be tracked- Tools to use to perform traceability
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What must be considered when planning traceability?
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The value of the process should be compared against the time and costs required to establish and support it
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True or False: too much traceability can work against a project team
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True. It can also incur costs and schedule impacts unnecessarily
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True or False: the BA may define the traceability approach independently
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False. the BA should collaborate with the team and PM on traceability
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What is a communication approach?
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How business analysis information will e structure and when communication to stakeholders will occur
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What should a BA consider when planning communications?
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- Who requires communications and what info they expect- STakeholder preferences for receiving information- Preferred delivery methods- Level of formality- Tools, including repositories, which stakeholders will need access to
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Time Zone and physical location of stakeholders are additional considerations when planning what?
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Communications
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With whom should the BA consult when planning communications?
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The Project Manager, and collaboration should occur to decide where the communication plan should be housed
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What will save tremendous time and confusion when decisions need to be made?
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Having a thorough understanding of the types of decisions that stakeholders will be requirement to make, along with an assessment of authority levels
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How should the decision-making process be defined?
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Collaboratively with stakeholder input
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In which document is the decision-making process documented?
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business Analysis Plan
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What are some considerations to think about when choosing a decision-making method?
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- Types of decisions that will be made- Roles and authority levels- Process to follow when consensus cannot be reached- Required turnaround time for a decision
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What is requirements "verification"?
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Verification is the evaluation of whether a product, service, or system complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition. (i.e. meets quality standards)
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What is requirements "Validation"?
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The assurance that a product, service, or system meets the needs of hte customer or other identified stakeholders
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What does requirements verification ensure?
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That requirements are constructed properly and that models are clean enough to be used effectively
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What does requirements validation ensure?
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That each requirement aligns to one or more business requirements, and that they accurately reflect with the project is expected to deliver
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What techniques are to use to validate requirements?
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Structured Walkthrough and Traceability
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What do both requirements verification and validation ensure?
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That the right product will be built
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Which quality process can leverage a checklist?
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Verification
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When should quality standards be defined?
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Before requirements development and verification activities
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True or False: Validation comes before verification
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False. Verification is performed first
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Which project approach anticipated requirements to evolve over time?
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Adaptive
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Changes to requirements may involve what?
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- Change in scope- A restated business objective- Addition or deletion of features to the product or service
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When should a BA consider planning a requirements change process?
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When the project approach uses a formal change control process
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Why is it important to document a change control process (for predictive projects)?
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So stakeholders know how to request a change and how changes will be assessed for impact
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When documenting a change control process what are some considerations?
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- How requirements changes will be proposed- How changes will be reviewed- How change management decisions will be documented- How requirements changes will be communicated- How changes to related artifacts will be completed and made available
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In which document should the requirements change control process be documented?
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It could be included in the BA plan or the Project Management Plan. The BA and PM should collaborate to decided with to include it.
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What does defining the solution evaluation process identify?
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How a solution is evaluated during the evaluation phase, which activities will be performed, what techniques will be applied, and how info will be analyzed
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Which process determines whether a solution has achieved the desired business result?
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Evaluation
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When is evaluation performed?
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Before and after a solution is implemented
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What can evaluation that happens after a solution is implemented lead to?
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New or changes requirements may be identified, which can lead to refinement of the solution or can generate new projects
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In which document are expected benefits for a product or solution identified?
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Business Case
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True or False: Evaluation in planning is meant to determine how to measure the benefits defined in the business case
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TRUE
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What are some evaluation factors that need to be defined during planning?
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- Evaluation criteria and acceptance- Qualitative and Quantitative evaluation activities to perform- How the solution will be evaluated- When and how often evaluation will be performed- What techniques will be used for evaluation
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Who owns the responsibility for planning the business analysis work?
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It depends on the organization. In some it could be the BA, in others it could be the PM. This an area of overlap between the roles.
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Who is ultimately responsible and accountable for managing all project activities?
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Project Manager
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Which planning document covers the work to be performed during the business analysis process?
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The Business Analysis Work Plan
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What project information might be needed for a BA to prepare their BA work plan?
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Selected project life cycle, project size, known risks, organizational process assets, etc.
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What is the first step in building the business analysis work plan?
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identifying the deliverables that the BA is responsible for producing
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True or False: All information collected and documented by the BA are considered deliverables
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False. Deliverables only include unique and verified products, results, or capabilities to perform a service that is required to produced to complete a process, phase or project
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What are some examples of work products?
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Agendas, meeting minutes, parking lot lists, etc.
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True or False: Deliverables are more formal than work products
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True. they are often required and formatted for consistency across projects and often have an approved structure or template
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Focus on: areas of greater risk, significant technical challenges, dependencies, third-party resources
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Deliverables
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What are some considerations when documenting deliverables for a business analysis work plan?
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- What deliverables will be produced- How changes to deliverables will be managed- Level of formality- How deliverables will be accesses- Whether requirements will be reused
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From whom must the BA seek input from when determining which deliverables to document in their BA plan?
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Sponsor, Project Manager, and Key Stakeholders
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Each __ requires the completion of one or more activities
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Deliverable
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Which techniques could be used to identify tasks needed to complete deliverables?
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Brainstorming, decomposition modeling, interviews, lessons learned
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What are some items that are typically analyzed using decomposition models?
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Solution scope, organizational units, work products, processes, functions
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True or False: Decomposition Models are difficult to produce
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False. They are easy to produce, and are also easily constructed and understood by stakeholders
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True or False: Decomposition Models are ineffective at analyzing highly complex concepts
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False. They allow the complex concepts to be broken down into management elements.
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True or False: Decomposition models cannot be used to show sequence
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True. They can't show sequence or steps
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What is another term for "Decomposition Model"?
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Decomposition Diagram
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In addition to being influenced by the life cycle, sequencing of business analysis activities is also influenced by what?
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Natural order, because some tasks require the completion of outputs produced by other activities
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What are some factors to consider when sequencing business analysis tasks?
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- Availability of resources- Downstream needs- Relationship of project work to other organizational work- Contractual and statement of work obligations- Training dependencies- Staffing and new hire needs- Risk and complexity levels of tasks
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True or False: using a RACI would be good to define the responsibilities of BAs versus PMs
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True. this could help minimize confusion and conflicts, especially in areas where responsibilities overlap
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The BA must ensure that all __ __ impacted by the project are represented by a resource during requirements activities
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Functional Areas
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What are some considerations when estimating?
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- Project size and complexity- Selected project lifecycle- Amount of ambiguity around proposed solution- Number of stakeholders- Types of elicitation activities- Location of resources- Schedule and budget constraints- Known assumptions- Quantity of BA deliverables - Project team's experience
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True or False: Estimating is an iterative process
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True. Estimates should always be revisited as the project progresses and more information becomes known
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True or False: the PM is responsible for updating business analysis estimates when they change
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False. The PM and BA should collaborate to decide how revisions to the business analysis estimates should occur
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The document containing the business analysis deliverables, tasks and activities, and required resources for completing the work is called what?
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Business Analysis Work Plan
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The PM and BA coordinate on the level of detail for business analysis work in the project management plan. What are some factors to consider?
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- Complexity of the BA effort- Project size- Amount of BA work being tracked- Type of project lifecycle
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True or False: When the project is complex, the PM may prefer low-level details regarding BA activities
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True. In this case, the PM might ask that BA activities be tracked by the BA in a separate business analysis work plan
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What might help to reduce uncertainty about decisions made during planning efforts?
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Document the basis for the decision, providing assurance that the plan is thought out and purposeful
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What does including the rationale for decisions give the project team?
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Context, and it helps answer questions regarding why and how the work is being performed
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What does including the rationale for decision give the PM?
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Context needed to support and fund the work, manage it, and justify the roles and resources required to complete the work
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What is the sponsor's role in regards to business analysis activities?
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To understand the approach and champion it, lend support, and rally stakeholders around the importance of the business analysis activities
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True or False: Business Analysis Plans can become useful organizational process assets for future use
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True. Especially when the rationale is included
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What is the objective of reviewing the Business Analysis plan with stakeholders?
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To reduce the risk of stakeholders failing to support business analysis activities when the work begins
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What must stakeholders be aware of in regards to business analysis activities?
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- their role in the process- the time commitment for their participation- how decisions are made about requirements priorities- how changes are handled
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What is the benefit of reviewing the business analysis plan with the stakeholders?
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Helps obtain buy-in early, and minimizes the risk of stakeholder conflict when activities are underway
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True or False: when stakeholders feel a sense of ownership in the process, they're more likely to demonstrate a higher level of interest and remain engaged
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True. The review process is a way to reduce the possibility of overlooking a stakeholder characteristic, concern, or limitation that could negatively influence the business analysis process
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What can review sometimes uncover?
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Unknown risks such as a shortage of resources, schedule conflicts, or concern over assigned roles
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Who is typically included in a review of the business analysis plan?
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Project sponsor, project manager, lead person who represents downstream requirements recipients, such as development managers, QA managers, and training managers
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Gaining approval of the BA plan helps reduce what types of project risks?
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- Lack of support for BA activities by stakeholders- Underestimating the amount of time BA activities will take- Funding allocated to the requirements phase being inadequate- Key resources being unavailable to participate in BA activities
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True or False: Formal BA plan should be updated in a controlled fashion
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True. Once the plan is approved, it is baselined, and change should be managed
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