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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The CDC is a branch of the ... and makes suggestions for ...
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The Center for Disease Control is a branch of the Department of Health and Human Services that makes suggestions for practice.
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OSHA and the EPA set the rules and regulations to protect ...
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set the rules and regulations to protect healthcare workers.
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CDC- Responsible for ...
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developing safe guidelines to help prevent and control the spread of infectious disease
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OSHA- Responsible for ...
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maintaining minimum health and safety standards for employees
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AANA established a set of guidelines for the Nurse Anesthetist (2)
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1) Help promote infection control in anesthesia practice
2) Providence education to the nurse anesthetist in conjunction with CDC suggestions |
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Two tier standard for isolation precautions
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Tier I: Standard Precautions
Tier 2: Transmission Based Precautions |
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Tier I: Standard Precautions
Applies to but not limited: |
Blood and all body fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, mucous membranes
-Designed to care for all patients regardless of their diagnosis. |
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Tier II: Transmission Precautions
Used in addition to Standard Precautions for patients known to be ... |
infected or colonized with epidemiologically important pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet or by contact: or by contamination of these routes
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Tier II Transmission Routes (3)
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Contact, Airborne, Droplet
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Contact Precautions: Prevention and Control includes but not limited to (3)
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-Gloves/gowns use when in contact with pt.
-Strict hand/washing/scrubbing/gloving b/w pts. -Aseptic technique, cleaning, sterilatization |
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Examples of pathogens spread by Contact Route:
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TB, Hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, VRE, MRSA, C-Diff, E-Coli, Scabies, Herpes, Shigella
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Airborne transmission occurs by dissemination of either ...
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airborne droplet nuclei of evaporated droplets that may remain suspended in the air/and dispersed for long periods of time and distance included on dust particles
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Airborne droplet nuclei are ...
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small-particle residue 5 micrometers or smaller in size
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Airborne droplet nuclei can be emitted during ...
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talking, whispering, sneezing, coughing, etc
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Examples of pathogens spread by Airborne Route:
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TB, Measles, avian influenza, chicken pox, varicella zoster, shingles
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Airborne Precaution Measures (6)
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-Standard Universal Precautions, eye protection
-Use properly fitted mask with high efficiency filtration (N95) -Use disposable equipment when possible -Negative Pressure OR room -Use smoke evacuator to minimize aerosolized spores -Keep pt. masked until intubation & on transport |
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Negative Pressure Room: air ...
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Air comes in and doesn't go out
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Anesthesia Machine Control Measure for airborne transmission
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Bacterial filters to prevent contamination of the ventilator
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Droplet transmission propels short or long distances through the air?
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short
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Droplet transmission involves contact of (5)
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-conjunctivae or mucous membranes
-nose or mouth -susceptible person with large particle droplets containing microorganisms generated from a person who has a clinical dz -carrier of the micro-organism |
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Large particle droplets are larger than
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5 micrometers in size
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Droplet transmission can be emitted during ...
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talking, sneezing, coughing and during common procedures in anesthesia such as suctioning; surgical procedure: Bronchoscopy
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Examples of Pathogens spread by droplet route ...
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Adenovirus pneumonia, H-influenza, seasonal human influenza, meningococcal dz, pertussis, rubella, strep-pneumonia
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Droplet Precaution measures
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standard precaution, eye protection, mask should be worn within 3ft of patient
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Hepatitis B vaccine is or isn't recommended for health care providers?
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is recommended
-Serological marker prevalence in anesthesia personnel is 15-50% compared to 3-5% of general population |
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Hepatitis C, is there a vaccine available
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NO
-50-90% of these infections lead to chronic hepatitis which may result in death |
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Risk from a single needle stick from an HIV infected patient has been estimated at
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0.4-0.5%
-organism infectivity, stage of the pt's dz, size of the inoculums, and immune status of the health care provider will determine the rate of transmission |
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Operating Room Personnel, 3/4 of all sharps injuries are caused by
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suture needles
scalpel blades IV catheters & hypodermics retractors/skin hooks electrosurgical needle tips anesthesia (IV, A-line, neuro needles) |
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Never place hands into the ... container
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Sharps
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Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogen Protocol (4)
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-Make announcement to OR staff in room
-Call/ notify supervisor for immediate relief -Wash / milk the wound -Follow hospital protocol for exposure |
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Traffic Pattern in OR:
Unrestricted area ... |
Communication and control area “Front Desk”
Traffic not limited |
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Traffic Pattern in OR:
Semi-Restricted area ... |
Support and storage areas
External corridor around the OR suites Traffic limited to authorized personnel and pts ** Scrub suits required to include hair covering |
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Traffic Pattern in OR:
Restricted area ... |
-OR Suites or where unwrapped instruments are sterilized
-Traffic limited to authorized personnel and patients ** Attire is same as for semi-restricted area with the addition of masks ** Patients are required to wear a hair covering |
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Traffic Pattern in OR:
Prior planning equals |
reduced traffic in/out of room
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Keep doors to the OR ...
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CLOSED
-maintaining positive pressure keeps bacterial count down |
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Traffic Pattern in OR:
ALWAYS enter from the ... NEVER enter from the ... |
enter from substerile core area, never from hallway
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Keep ... field in view during movement
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sterile
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Surgical Site Infection (SSI):
Preventative steps (3) |
-Was antibiotic ordered and is it appropriate
-Timing (30 min-1 hour before cut time) -Duration of administration (long surgery-do you need to repeat dose?) |
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Infection Control for Anesthesia Equipement
5 steps: |
-Wipe down equipment daily and between each patient use: Monitors, leads, BP tubing, pumps, stethoscopes, flat surfaces, machine & carts
-Remove used gloves before opening carts & drawers -Discard any items that are contaminated or potentially contaminated during case -If something falls on the floor throw it out! -Don’t put dirty equipment on top of clean |
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Surgical Conscience:
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Internal voice / value system that motivates correct performance (observed or alone)
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Anesthesia machine care and cleaning:
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-At the end of each case discard portions of the system that are disposable
-Refer to manufacture’s guidelines for care and cleaning of other portions of the anesthesia machine |