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152 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which position of the foot will best demonstrate the lateral (third) cuneiform?
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AP oblique with medial rotation
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How much rotation of the ankle will typically produce an AP mortise projection?
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15 - 20 degrees
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which aspect of the small intestine is shortest?
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duodenum
(shortest and widest) |
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The xiphoid process is at the vertebral level of ?
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T9-T10
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The iliac crest is at which vertebral level?
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L4-L5
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What KVP ranges should be used for an adult KUB?
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70-80
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What is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen?
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Ascites
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What is a twisting loop of intestine which creates and obstruction?
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Volvulus
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Telescoping section of bowel into another loop. Causes obstruction and can lead to necrosis is ?
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Intussusception
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What does the gallbladder do?
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store bile
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Retroperitoneal organs are located where?
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closely attached to the posterior abdominal wall
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How many feet long is the small intestine?
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15-18
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The right Colic flexure can be called?
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Hepatic flexure
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What is the internal prominence or ridge where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi ?
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Carina
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The asthenic body type makes up _______ % of the population
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10%
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The hypersthenic body types makes up _______ % of the population ?
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5%
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Whats the inner layer of pleura that encloses the lungs and heart?
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pulmonary pleura
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Label
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A. Lungs and Trachea
B. Apex C. Carina D. Base E. Diaphragm F. Costophrenic angle G. Hilum |
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A minimum of how many projections are required when joints are in the prime interest area?
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3
like with the wrist |
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How many projections are required for localized lesions or foreign bodies?
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two projections
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Which type of projection skims a body part to project that part in profile away from other body structures?
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Tangential
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An angle greater than 10 degrees on the CR or body is considered ______
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Axial
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This is a specific AP chest projection for demonstrating the apices of the lungs
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Lordotic
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Which ionization chambers are used for a PA projection of the chest?
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The two upper outside chambers
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How many lobes are found in the left lung ?
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2 lobes
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excessive muscus secreted into bronchi ?
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Bronchitis
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Shortness of breath ?
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Dyspnea
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air spaces in alveoli become greatly enlarged
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Emphysema
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity
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Pleural effusion
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Why is PA chest an erect projection?
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1.) allows diaphragm to move down farther
2.) demonstrates air fluid levels 3.) prevents engorgement of pulmonary vessels |
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Where is the CR located for a left lateral decubitus chest ?
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3-4 inches inferior to the jugular notch.
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Where is the CR located for a left lateral decubitus abdomen ?
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2 inches above iliac crest
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What does the head of the radius articulate with?
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Capitulum
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What does the acromial extremity of the clavicle articulate with?
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Acromion of scapula
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For an AP shoulder projection the CR should be directed _________ inches Inferior to the coracoid process
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1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
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To find possible fluid in the pleural
cavity ( pleural effusion ) while performing a lateral decuditus chest x-ray, which side should be down. |
The side of the suspected lung. ( the lung that might have fluid )
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Whats the lower concave area of the lung called?
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base
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This is an accumulation of air in the pleural space that causes partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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Pneumothorax
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When performing a true chest lateral x-ray, A separation of more than ____ cm indicates rotation from true lateral.
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1cm
See page 82 for explanation ( any greater separation than this indicates rotation of the thorax from a true lateral position) * |
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on a PA chest radiograph the left sternoclavicular joint is not the same distance to the spine as the right sternoclavicular joint, which position error has occurred?
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Rotation
(Page 81, True PA no rotation) |
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Which AEC cells are used for left lateral chest ?
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Center
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When performing a scaphoid wrist with ulnar deviation whats the CR angle?
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10 to 15 degrees proximally!
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What would the CR angle be for a modified stetchers wrist?
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No angle, for modified the sponge replaces the angle.
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For axial clavicle, CR should be angled _____ - _____ degrees cephalad
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15-30 degrees
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For AP foot, angle the tube ______ degrees posteriorly toward the heel.
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10 degrees
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For the Rosenberg the tube should be angled _______ degrees ________
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10 degrees caudal
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Which projection of the ankle will open the distal tibiofibular joint?
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AP oblique with 45 degree rotation
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The sustentaculum tali is found on which of the following bones?
Calcaneus Talus Base of the fifth metatarsal Cuboid |
Calcaneus
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How much is the CR angled for a plantodorsal axial projection of the calcaneus?
20° 30° 40° 45° |
40 degrees
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How many bones are found in the foot?
24 26 27 28 |
26
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Which of the following bones of the foot is fractured most often?
Base of the fifth metatarsal Navicular Distal fifth phalanx Third cuneiform |
Base of the fifth metatarsal
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What is the strongest and largest of the tarsal bones?
Navicular Cuboid Calcaneus Talus |
Calcaneus
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The patella surface is located on what?
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The distal femur
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Whats the CR angle when performing a Scaphoid wrist ?
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10 to 15 degrees proximally
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The scaphoid articulates with the ___________ proximally.
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Radius
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The head of the ulna fits into the ulnar notch to form the _______ ____________ joint
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distal radioulnar joint
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The unlar notch is a small depression on the medial aspect of the
(distal ulna / distal radius) |
distal radius
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When performing a AP shoulder x-ray (internal or external) where should the CR be?
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Directed 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
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For axillary shoulder (lawrence method) the CR should be ____ - ____ degrees away from the body.
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25-30
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When performing the Grashey method, the patient is ___ - ____ degrees rotated.
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35-45
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The Sagittal plane divides the body into _____ and _____ parts
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RIGHT & LEFT PARTS
If it's easy for you to remember where the sagittal suture of the skull is, you can remember how the sagittal plane passes through the body. |
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Which body plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
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Coronal plane
(passes through the coronal suture of the skull) pg 15 |
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Which body plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?
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The Horizontal plane
(transverse or axial) |
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This body plane is at an angle or slant.
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OBLIQUE plane
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Name the recumbent position with the body tilted and the head higher than the feet
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Fowlers position
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Name the recumbent position with the body tilted and the head lower than the feet
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Trendelenburg
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Which movement causes the radius to rotate around the more stationary ulna?
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Pronation
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When performing a "fan" lateral hand, where is the CR?
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CR to second MCP joint
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Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand?
A. Third proximal interphalangeal joint B. At the Base of the third matacarpal C. At the third metacarpophalangeal joint |
C. At the third metacarpophalangeal joint
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The interphalangeal joints have a ________ type of joint movement?
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Ginglymus (hinge)
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The joint found between the base of metacarpals 2-5 and the carpal bones is ?
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CMC carpometacarpal joint
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Which carpal bone is the smallest?
Page 126 |
Pisiform
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Which is the most frequently fractured fractured carpal bone?
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Scaphoid
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This is a localized projection
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Process
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This is a large rounded elevation
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Tuberosity
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This is a pulley - shaped surfaced
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Trochlea
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This is a groove or furrow
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Sulcus
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This is a smooth area, usually covered with articular cartilage
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Facet
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Whats the anterior surface of the scapula called?
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Costal Surface
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Which of the following humeral structures is most distal?
Anatomic neck. Greater tubercle. Lesser tubercle. Surgical neck . |
Surgical Neck
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Which of the following scapular structures is most posterior?
Coracoid process Glenoid cavity Scapular notch Acromion |
Acromion
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What is the joint classification for the scapulohumeral joint?
Trochoidal Plane Bicondylar Spheroidal (ball and socket) |
Spheroidal (ball and socket)
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Which of the following AP proximal shoulder projections will demonstrate the lesser tubercle in profile?
External rotation Neutral rotation Internal rotation None of the above |
Internal rotation
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How much should the CR be angled for an AP axial projection of the clavicle on an asthenic patient?
5° 10° 20° 30° |
30°
See note on page 197 for questions |
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Which projection of the AP humerus shows the greater tubercle in profile?
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External Rotation Projection
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The second to fifth MCP joints are classified as
Ellipsoidal. Ginglymus Plane Trochoidal |
Ellipsoidal.
Pg 131 |
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The interphalangeal (IP) joints are classified as
Ginglymus. Plane Ellipsoidal Sellar |
Ginglymus.
pg 131 |
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Which of the following projections/routines would best demonstrate a Bennett’s fracture?
Hand study Wrist study Modified Robert’s method. Folio method |
Modified Robert’s method.
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This is a Fx of the wrist, where the distal radius is fractured with displacement of distal fragment posteriorly. Usually resulting from a forward fall on an outstretched arm.
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Colles' Fracture
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This is a Fx to 4th or 5th metacarpal, results from punching someone or something
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Boxers Fracture
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This is a incomplete fracture of the cortex where on side is broken and the other side is bent.
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Greenstick Fracture
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This is an inarticulate fracture and dislocation of posterior lip of distal radius.
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Bartons fracture
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This fx is caused by falling backwards, its a fx of the distal radius displaced anteriorly
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Smith fracture
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This type of dislocation is seen in small children is caused by a partial dislocation of radial head
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Nurse-maids (jerked) elbow
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A good criterion by which to evaluate a true lateral elbow when flexed 90 degrees is the appearance of the _______ _______ ________ .
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Three concentric arcs
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How many phalanges are in the big toe?
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2
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What is the term that describes the top or anterior surface of the foot?
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Dorsum
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How many tarsal bones are found in the foot?
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7
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How much is the foot dorsiflexed for the tangential sesamoid bones projection.
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15 - 20 degrees from vertical
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Where is the CR for a mediolateral calcaneus?
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i inch inferior to the medial malleolous
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Which muscles should be demonstrated on a well-exposed abdomen projection?
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Psoas major
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Where is the CR placed for a AP erect diaphragm projection?
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Xiphiod Process
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This is a bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal paeristalis
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Adynamic ileus
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What is Pneumoperitoneum?
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Free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity
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Which type of cast calls for a 50%-60% mAs increase or increase 5-7 kV change.
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Small to medium dry plaster cast
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Which type of cast calls for 100 % increase in mAs or 8-10 KV increase
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Large or wet plaster cast
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For which type of cast do you Increase mAs by 25%-30% or increase 3-4 kV
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Fiberglass cast
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Which one of the following parts located on the distal ulna
Styloid process Radial notch ulnar notch coronoid tubercle |
ulnar notch
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Which structures form the distal radioulnar joint?
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Ulnar notch and head of ulna
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Whats the recommended SID for AC joints?
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72 inches
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Which of the following bones makes up the shoulder girdle?
Humerus scapula clavicle |
scapula and clavicle
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How much weight should be affixed to each wrist for weight bearing AC joints?
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at least 5-8 lbs
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For AP internal shoulder, how should the epicondyles of the humerus be in relation to the IR
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perpendicular to the IR
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For AP neutral shoulder, how should the epicondyles be in relation to the IR
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45 degrees with the plane of the IR
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How much is the body rotated for a scapular Y projection (trauma)
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45-60 anterior obl position
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Whats another name for the lateral border of the scapula
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axillary border
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The ankle joint is a ______ joint with a _____ type of movement
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synovial joint , hinge or sellar
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Which type of routine should be performed for a second toe study?
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AP, AP oblique with medial rotation, lateromedial (lateral) projetion
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What is pointing the foot an toes downward called?
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Plantar flexion
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What is the angulation of the CR for a AP oblique projection of the toes?
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0 degrees
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What two projections are performed for the calcaneous?
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axial ( plantodorsal )
Lateral ( mediolateral) |
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What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is positioned for an AP projection ?
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Parallel to the IR
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All of the joints of the lower leg are synovial (freely movable) except for this joint?
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Distal tibiofibular
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Of the following bones, which does not bear body weight ?
Femur Fibula Calcaneus Talus |
fibula
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This is an inflammatory condition involving the anterior, proximal tibia, where the tibial tuberosity is pulled away from the tibail shaft by patella tendon
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Osgood-Schlatter disease
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This is an inherited type of arthritis with uric acid in the joint space with destruction
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Gout
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What is the extreme distal end of the fibula?
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Lateral malleolus
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An example of a Retroperitoneal organ is ?
Stomach Liver Kidneys Spleen |
Kidneys
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In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the sigmoid colon be found ?
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left lower quadrant
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The pancreas is classified as an _______ structure.
Intraperitoneal Retroperitoneal Infraperitoneal Extraperitoneal |
Retroperitoneal
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Whats the CR angle for the Tangential (axial or sunrise/skyline) Patella projection
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CR directed inferiorsuperiorly 10-15° angle form Lower leg to be tangential to Femoropatellar jt
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How much is the knee flexed for hughston?
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55 degrees
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How much is the knee flexed for camp coventry
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knee flexed 40-50°
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The articular facets making up the tibial plateau slope posteriorly from _____ to _____ degrees in relation to the long axis of the tibia
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10 - 20 degrees
Page 212 |
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Why does the CR have to be angled 5 to 7 degrees cephalad for a lateral knee?
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To cause the condyles to be directly superimposed when the femur is parallel to the IR
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when the Fibula is superimposed over midtibia is the knee obliqued medially or laterally?
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Laterally
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When the proximal tibiofibular joint is open, is the knee obliqued laterally or medially
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Medially
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What are the two arches of the foot
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Longitudinal arch
Transverse arch |
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Whats the angle for lateral weight bearing foot?
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no angle for lateral, only angle for AP weight bearing 15 degrees posteriorly
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Which type of oblique demonstrates the medial tarsals ?
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alternate lateral oblique foot
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which foot projection demonstrates the third through fifth metatarsals free of superimposition?
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medial oblique foot
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What anatomy of the shoulder is best demonstrated with a tangential projection (Fisk modification)?
Clavicle Proximal humerus Intertubercular groove Glenoid cavity |
Intertubercular groove
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The sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are both considered what type of joints
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Plane or gliding
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For the coyle method to demonstrate the radial head flex the elbow ______ degrees
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90° flexion
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For the coyle method to demonstrate the coronoid process flex the elbow ______ degrees
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80 degrees
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For carpal canal the CR is ___ to ___ degrees to the long axis of the hand
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25 to 30 degrees
|
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The Ball catchers position is also known as the _______ method
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Norgaard
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This is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone, extending into the carpometacarpal joint
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Bennetts
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Which of the following structures is considered to be most proximal?
Head of the ulna Coronoid process Olecranon process Radial Tuberosity |
Olecranon process
|
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Which of the following structures is considered to be most distal
Radial Head Styloid process Radial tuberosity Capitulum |
Styloid process
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The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb has a _____ type of movement
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Sellar / saddle
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Label the regions 1-9
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1. Right hypochondriac
2. Epigastric 3. Left hypochondriac 4. Right lateral 5. Umbilical 6. Left lateral 7. Right inguinal 8. Pubic (hypogastric) 9. Left inguinal |