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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fluctuations in blood _____ (a simple sugar that is an important source of energy) also seem to play a role in hunger.
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glucose
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The condition of being overweight
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obesity
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About ____ of men and women in the US are overweight
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1/4
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The lateral and ventromedial areas of the _____ were once viewed as the on-off centers for hunger contral, but their exacr role is now unclear
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hypothalmus
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Recent research mow suggests that the _____ of the hypothalmus may be more important to the regulation of hunger. Neural circuits releasing neuropeptide ___ may be especially influential.
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paraventricular nucleus
Y |
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____ are neurons sensitve to glucose in the surrounding fluid.
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glucostats
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_____--weight in kg divided by height in meters squared (kg/m^2)
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body mass index ( BMI )
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Hormonal regulation of hunger depends primarily on _____ secretions; sight of food, or food-related cues, can act to secrete _____.
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insulin
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Evidence indicates that there is a _____ preposition to obesity
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genetic
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Weight probelms can also be caused by an elevated _____ ( a natural point of stability in body weight ).
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set point
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Vacillations in dietary ______ resulting in disinhibition may contribute to obesity in some people.
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restraint
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______ involves goal-directed behavior.
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Motivation
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Most theories of motivation distinguish between _____ motives that originate in bodily needs (i.e. hunger) and _____ motives that originate in _____ experiences (i.e. need for achievement)
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biological
social; social |
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Three key environmental factors in the regulation of hunger:
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1. Learned preferences
2. food-related cues 3. stress |
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According to set-point theory, the bosy monitors _____ stores to keep them fairly stable.
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fat
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_____ are the principal classs of gonadal hormones in females; ____ are the principal classs of gonadal hormones in males.
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estrogens
androgens |
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A _____ is a chemical secreted by one animal that affects the behavior of another.
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pheromone
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_____ are substances thought to increase sexual desire
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aphrodisiacs
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______ may make sexual coercion seem less offensive and may contribute to date rape.
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aggressive pornography
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According to the ____ theory, males are thought to compete with other males for reproductive opportunites and females are assumed to be the discriminating sex that is selective in choosing partners.
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parental investment
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Consistent with ____ theory, males tend to think about and initate sex more than females and to have more sexual partners and more interest in casual sex than females.
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evolutionary
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According to evolutionary theories (Featured study by Buss supports), males emphasize potential's partners' _____ whereas females emphasize______.
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youthfulness and attractiveness
status and financial prospects |
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_____ refers to a person's preference for emotional and sexual relationships with individuals of the same, different or either sex.
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sexual orientation
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Recent data on the prevalence of homosexuality suggest that ____ % of the population may be gay.
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5-8
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Although most gays can trace their homosexual leanings back to _____, research has not supported Freudian or behavioral theories of sexual orientation.
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early childhood
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Recent studies suggest that there is a _____ preposition to homosexuality and that some subtle disparities in ____ structure may be associated with homosexuality.
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genetic
brain |
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Idiosyncrasies in _____ secretions may also contribute to the development of homosexuality.
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prenatal hormonal
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Who proposed an interactionist theory of how secual orientation develops that is highly speculative but worthy of empirical testing.
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Bem
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(Study by William Masters and Virginia Johnson) The human sexual response cycle may be divided into four stages:
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excitment
plateau orgasm resolution |
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The _______ is the need to associate with others and maintain social bonds.
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affliation motive
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Individual differences in the need for affiliation are usuallt measured with the ______.
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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Ppl who are relatively ___ in the need for affiliation tend to devote more time to interpersonal activites and to worry more about acceptance than others do.
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high
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The ______ is the need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence.
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achievemnt motive
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Situational factors also influence achievement behavior. Pursiut of achievement tends to increase when the probablity of ______ and the incentive _____ of success are high. This pursuit can also be inhibited by________
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success
value fear of failure |
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Emotion involves 1. a subjective conscious experience (the ______ component) 2. bodily arousal (the _____ component) and by 3. characteristic overt expressions (the _____ component)
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cognitive
physiological behavioral |
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This arousal is the basis for the ______, which is really an emotion detector.
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lie detector
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The _____ appears to be the hub of an emotion-processing system in the brain
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amygdala
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An increase in the electrial conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase thier activity.
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galvanic skin response (GSR)
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_____ are the norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotions. They prescribe how, when , and to whom people can show various emotions.
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display rules
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(THEORIES OF EMOTION)
The _____ theory asserts that emotion results from one's perception of automatic arousal. |
James-Lange
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(THEORIES OF EMOTION)
The _____ theory propses that emotions orginate from subcortial brain structure that simulataneously sends signals to the cortex(creating the consious experience of emotion) and to the automatic nervous system (creating visceral arousal). |
Cannon-Bard
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(THEORIES OF EMOTION)
According to ______ theory, people infer emotion from arousal and then label it in accordance with their cognitive explantion for the arousal. |
Schacher's two-factor
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Schacher's two-factor theory is supported by the bridge study done by
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Dutton and Aron
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(THEORIES OF EMOTION)
_____ theories of emotion maintain that emotions are innate reactions that require little cognitive interpretation. |
Evolutionary
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Indivduals' personal perceptions of their overall happiness and life satisfaction
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subjective well-being
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