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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Knowles studied...
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solar angles
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Baum & Singer
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3 Categories for energy studies: 1. social trap 2. conservation strategies 3. energy system as a hazard
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Stern
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energy research has little theory.
~focused on energy in households when much more used by industry |
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Lifestyles & Energy
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-industrialization & energy consumption related
(ex. english farmer vs amish) |
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TMI
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Three Mile Island
-released radioactivity into atmosphere. more opposed to power plants than enviornment |
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Social Trap
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difference when the resurces are seen as limitless
-communication & information |
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Wilson
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dividing resource into territories
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Mazur & Rosa
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-compared lifestyle indicators with energy consumption
-found indicators with consumption among developed countries but not undeveloped |
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Brechner
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confirmed the tragedy of the commons
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Geller
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you can get people to stop littering but not pick up litter
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Revelle
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studied energy use in India
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Decommissioning
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how to dispose of a nuclear power plant wich takes up 40 acres on average
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Prompts
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-slogans & promotions to conserve
-more effective if specific -best if used with infomation & modeling |
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Chernobyl
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-nuclear plant in soviet union
-sent 50 million curies of radiation into the atmospchere |
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Consequent
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rewards that follow behavior & tend to reinforce behavior
(Ex. rebates) |
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Antecedent
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something done before the expected behavior:
-information -modeling -expectancies |
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PURPA
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Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act
-allows other companies to construct their own power plants & seel electricity |
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Thorstein Veblen
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conspicuus consumption
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Gladhart's Axiom
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those who are MOST ABLE have to be COAXED the MOST
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Information Programs
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only successful coupled with an action program
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Salutogenesis
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-the genesis of health
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Abbott et al
(1984) |
when humans underwent predictable shocks for a long period, the shocks became just as stressful as unpredictable shocks
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Cortisol is a measure of..
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distress
~measured by collecting saliva |
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Psychological Model
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-cognitive appraisal of threat
-developed by animal studies |
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Selye's chief mistake
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belief that stress was finite
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Measurements of Stress
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-Urine
-noise under stress -self-report -task performance -facial expression, repetition and fidgeting |
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Hans Selye
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"The Stress of Life"
-prophet of stress -General Adaptative Syndrome |
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Physiological Model
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-response to stimulus
-reduce hormone ACTH: adrenaline & noradrenaline |
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Stress
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nonspecific response of the body t any demand
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Catecholamines
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adrenaline and noradrenaline
-measure by urine |
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Moderators of Stress
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variables that exist outside the cognitive realm
-ex lack of sleep moderator of certain kinds of stress |
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Mediators of Stress
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Evans & Cohen
-all cognitive aspects -perceived control, if real or not, reduces stress |
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Ambient Stressors
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-background stimuli
-enviornmental ambience |
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Aldwin & Stokols
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some NEGATIVE EVENTS can have POSITIVE OUTCOMES
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Hardiness
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posses sense of commitment, control, & accept stressful events
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Type A
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-self-stressed person
-time urgency -strong voice -aggressive -strive for achievement |
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Zimring
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design of buildings can be a contributor or moderator of stress
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Karasek & Theorell
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Workers & illness
-high demand but ow in control (ex. nurse) |
