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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prejudice
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a preconceived negative judgement of a group and its individual members
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Stereotype
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a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people
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discrimination
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unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members
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racism
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1. individual's prjudicial attitudes toward a people of a certain race
2. institutional pratices that subordinate people of a given race |
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sexism
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just like racism but towards people of a certain sex
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dual attitude system
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we have explicit and implicit attitudes toward the same object
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"Implicit Associations Test"
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sees online now how people see white or black as "good"
demonstrates how implicit attitudes much harder to change than explicit |
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Modern American attitudes about interacial marriage
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77% of americans now approve of interracial marriage where it was 4% in 1958
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Buying a car and Race
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Ian Ayers in 1990 found that car dealers gave lower prices to White Male and Female customers that Black customers and charged the Black females the most
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MIT: Race and Resumes
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Sent out resumes with white and black names, the white resumes heard back 1 out of 10 times the black 1 out of 15 times
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social dominance orientation
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a motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups
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ehtnocentric
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beleiving in the superiority of one's own ethnic group
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authoritarian personality
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personality that is disposed to favor obediance and authority and intolerance of outgroups as well as those of lower status
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Face-ism
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Eva Kruz studied faces portrayed in the media whinle in Gemrany 1989 and found face promient portrayals made those figures seem more intelligent and ambitous to people; adds to the fact that males are protrayed with faces women with their whole body and this perpetuates gender biases
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Scapegoat Theory
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displace agression causes groups to find a scapegoat
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realistic group conflict theory
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theory that prejudice arises from competition btwn groups for scarce resources
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social identity
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the "we" aspect of self-concept, the group memberships that answer "who am I"
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ingroup
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"us" group individual belong too
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outgroup
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"them" group that is percieved as distinctively different than ingroup
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ingroup bias
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tendency to favor one's own group
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outgroup homogenity effect
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perception of outgroup as
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own-race bias
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tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race
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stigma consciousness
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a person's expectation of being victimized by prejudice or discrimination
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1990 Gallup Poll
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Showed that US Population overestimates minority populations
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group-serving bias
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explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions
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linguistic intergroup bias
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specific part of group-serving bias where you change the way you discuss behaviors depending if actors are ingroup or outgroup members
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just-world phenomenon
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tendency of people to believe that the world is just and people get what they deserve
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Johanne Huart 2005
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found people recalled the 70% male face or 30% male face as male up to 80% male
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subtyping
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accommodating individuals who deviate from stereotype by thinking of them as exceptions to the rule
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subgrouping
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accommodating individuals who deviate from stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the gorup
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stereotype threat
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a disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
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aggression
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physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
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hostile aggression
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aggression driven by anger and performed as an end in itself
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instrumental aggression
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aggression that is a means to some other end
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instinctive behavior
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an innate unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a species
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frustration-aggression theory
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the theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress
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frustration
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blocking of goal directed behavior
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displacement
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redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration
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relative deprivation
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perception that one is less well-off than others with whom one compares oneself
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social learning theory
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Bandura, theory that we learn by observing or imitating and by being rewarded or punished
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prosocial behavior
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positive, constructive, helpful social behavior
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social scripts
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culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations
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conflict
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a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals
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peace
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a condition marked by low levels of hostility and aggression and by mutually beneficial relationships
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social trap
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a situation in which the conflicting parties, each pursuing its self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
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Tragedy of the Commons
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happens when individuals take more than their fair share of a common resource
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non-zero-sum games
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games in which outcomes need not sum to zero, wit cooperation both can win
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equal-status contact
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contact on an equal basis
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GRIT
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Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in tension reduction
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