Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Negative Correlation |
As one variable increases, the other decreases
|
|
Positive Correlation |
As one variable increases, the other increases |
|
No relationship vs Curvilinear |
Both give r=0 Curvilinear actually has a relationship though |
|
Types Of Regression |
Linear Multiple |
|
Linear Regression |
Assumes that increasing or decreasing one variable changes the value of the other Can look not only at the relationship, but also the r2 |
|
Multiple Regression |
Simply means you have more than one predictor So instead of just study time, you would also think that intelligence can influence test performance |
|
Experiment |
a study that has at least one IV and one DV |
|
IV is also called? |
A factor |
|
Types of IV |
Environmental Instructional Invasive |
|
Environmental |
Changing something physically in the environment |
|
Instructional |
Changing the instructions before a study Participants do the same task, the only difference is the instructions beforehand |
|
Invasive |
Changing physical aspects within the participants Examples: Injecting a drug Giving participants sugary drinks |
|
How to know iv had an effect |
Compare it to something Another IV Control |
|
Subject Variables |
Particular Demographics Any relevant facts about our participants Typical;y, we ask standard demos but may add others depending on what we think matter |
|
What Makes A Good Experiment |
1) At least one IV 2) The researcher must have adequate power 3) The experimenter must try to control all extraneous variables |
|
What Can Threaten Internal Validity |
- Biased assignment - Differential attrition - History effects - Demand characteristics - Experimenter expectancy effects - Placebo effects |
|
One-Way Designs |
-Only one IV is manipulated - Minimum number of conditions is 2 - Experimental vs control - Experimental vs experimental |
|
3 Types of Participant Assignment |
Randomized group design (between-subjects) Repeated measures design (within-subjects) Matched-subjects design |
|
Randomized Group Designs |
Between-subjects design We examine behaviors between different conditions Conditions are based on how many ways you manipulate the IV Test each participant only once |
|
Repeated Measures Design |
Within-SubjectsDesign Interested in examining differences in behavior over time Each participant is measured two or more times after the IV |
|
Order effects |
Fatigue Practice effects |
|
Counterbalancing |
Helps counteract order effects If you have more than 2 DV's you need to create every order possible Randomizing order over computer is another way that tends to be easier |
|
Matched Subjects Design |
A design in which participants are matched based on particular variable and then put into conditions |
|
Factorial Designs |
When two or more IVs are manipulated |
|
Mixed Factorial Design |
Participants have within and between measures |
|
Quasi-experimental designs |
Pretest-posttest designs Time series designs Longitudinal Designs |
|
Quasi-Experiments |
An experiment is considered quasi when The researcher is not able to randomly assign participants to conditions or The researcher is unable to manipulate the variable of interest |
|
Pretest-Posttest |
These type of designs allow us to have multiple measurements of the dependent variable Tests before and after IV Tells us how much the IV changed the DV |
|
Simple interrupted Time Series |
Measure the DV multiple times before and after the IV happens |
|
Control Group Interrupted Time Series |
Measure multiple groups, multiple times before and after the IV |
|
Longitudinal Designs |
Used to examine developmental effects Used to evaluate programs to see if they have long-term impact to its participants |
|
Longitudinal vs Cross-sectional |
Longitudinal uses the same people over time
Cross-Sectional compares different groups of people at different ages |
|
Cross-sequential cohort design |
Different groups of people at different ages over time |