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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Medical model
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Theory which proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease
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Etiology
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The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness
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Prognosis
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The forecast about the probable course of an illness
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Biomedical therapy
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Type of therapy involving drugs, ECT, and psychosurgery
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Behavioral therapy
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Type of therapy based on classical and operant conditioning
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Insight therapy
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Type of therapy that relies on discussion between therapist and client
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Psychotherapy
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The process used by mental health professionals to help individuals recognize, define, and overcome their psychological and interpersonal difficulties and improve their adjustment
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Prevalence of psychological disorders
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32% of American adults
More frequent in poorer people Occur by age 24 |
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Antisocial personality
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Disorder that lacks conscience or remorse, typical of con-men and serial killers
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Borderline personality
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Disorder involving instability in mood and identity, impulsive, black-and-white way of thinking, and difficult to treat
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Narcissistic personality
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Disorder that thinks highly of themselves, success fantasies, unable to accept criticism, expect admiration
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Histrionic personality
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Disorder characterized by a drama queen, shallow, expect praise, display attention- getting behaviors
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Personality disorders
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Disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
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Undifferentiated schizophrenia
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Uncategorized schizophrenia
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Catatonic schizophrenia
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Disorder with repition of movements leading to immobility
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Disorganized schizophrenia
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Disorder with inappropriate emotions, disturbed speech, deteriorating adaptive behavior
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Paranoid schizophrenia
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Disorder involving thinking someone is out to get them, delusions of persecution, hallucinations, bizarre actions
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Schizophrenia
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A group of severe psychotic disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate actions and emotions
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Dysthymic disorder
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A lessened case of major depressive disorder
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Bipolar disorder
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Disorder alternating between mania and depression, restless, over-inflated self-esteem
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Major depressive disorder
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Disorder characterized by symptoms lasting 2+ weeks: differed routines in eating and sleeping, weight gain/loss, lessened interest in activities, difficulty making decisions, recurring thoughts of death/suicide
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Mood disorder
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Disorder characterized by emotional extremes that disrupt physical, social, and cognitive functioning
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Dissociative identity disorder
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Disorder where a person exhibits 2 or more distinct and separate personalities
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Dissociative fugue
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Disorder where a person loses their personal identity, usually due to extreme stress
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Dissociative amnesia
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Disorder involving not remembering an accident or event which caused extreme stress
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Dissociative disorder
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Disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Disorder characterized by the repetitive, ritualized behavior of uncontrollable thoughts
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Panic disorder
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An acute onset of severe, extreme anxiety
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Phobia
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Fear fucused on a specific object, activity, or association resulting from classical conditioning
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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Disorder characterized by jittering and worrying about the future with no apparent cause
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Anxiety disorder
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Disorder characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety
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Axes of DSM-IV
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1-clinical syndromes
2-personality disorders and mental retardation 3-gen. medical conditions 4-psychosocial and environmental problems 5-global assessment of functioning scale |
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DSM-IV
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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Most widely used system for classifying disorders Classifies based on 5 axes |
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Classification of psychological disorders
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The process of trying to describe, predict, treat, and study a disorder
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Biopsychosocial model
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Theory saying that all behavior comes from an interaction between genes and the environment
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Psychological disorder
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A condition in which behavior is judged atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, unjustifiable, and personally distressing
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Psychodynamic therapy
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Type of therapy that emphasizes unconscious mind and early childhood
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Transference
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Occurs when clients take their feelings toward another person out on the therapist unconsciously
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Resistance
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Largely, unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy
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Free Association
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When clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur with little censorship
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Dream analysis
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Interpretting the symbolic meaning of a client's dreams
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Client-centered therapy
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Type of therapy with an emphasis on self-understanding and personal growth
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Characteristics of a good therapist
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Genuineness
Openness Unconditional positive regard |
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Cognitive therapy
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Type of therapy that believes that an individual's thoughts and beliefs are the source of abnormal behavior
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Albert Ellis's components of rational-emotive behavior therapy
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Activating experience
Belief system Consequence Disposition Effects |
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Beck's cognitive therapy
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Looks for negative thinking in people's thoughts
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Behavior therapy
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Type of therapy that uses learning principles to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior
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Systematic desensitization
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Behavior therapy used to reduce phobic client's anxiety responses through counter-conditioning based on classical conditioning
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Aversion conditioning
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Behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response based on classical conditioning
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Social skills therapy
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Behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasize modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping based on operant conditioning
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Biomedical therapy
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Therapy that reduces or eliminates symptoms of psychological disorders by altering body functioning
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Anti-anxiety drugs
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Drugs which relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness
Includes benzodiazepine and other tranquilizers |
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Antidepressant drugs
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Drugs which gradually elevate mood
Include trycyclics, MAO inhibitors, SSRI's, and lithium |
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Trycyclics and MAO inhibitors
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Drugs which affect neurochemicals
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SSRI's
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Drugs which slow the re-uptake process at serotonin synapses
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Anti-psychotic drugs
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Drugs used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions.
Includes narcoleptics, and atypical anti-psychotic drugs |
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Narcoleptics
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Drugs which decrease activity at dopamine synapses
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Tardive Dyskinesia
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Neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and ticlike movements of the mouth, tongue, face, hands, or feet caused by some anti-psychotic drugs
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Electro-convulsive therapy
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A biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions
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Effectiveness of psychotherapy
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Is impacted by the relationship between the therapist and the client and may require combining therapies
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