Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sensory signals are transformed into neural impulses which travel to the thalamus (except smell)
|
transduction
|
|
decreasing responsiveness to stimuli due to constant stimulation
|
sensory adaptation
|
|
can only focus on one thing at a time unless a sense carries meaning, then focuses change
|
selective attention
|
|
brightness of objects
|
intensity
|
|
determines hue
|
wavelength
|
|
color
|
hue
|
|
light enters the eye
|
cornea
|
|
like the shutter of a camera, the iris opens, closes based on how much light should enter it
|
pupil
|
|
muscles that open/close the pupil to let more/less light in
|
iris
|
|
this is curved to accommodate and focus
|
lens
|
|
inverted image is projected
|
retina
|
|
night vision- black and white
|
rods
|
|
we see in color
|
cones
|
|
center of the retina, contains high concentration of cones
|
fovea
|
|
specific parts of the brain that detect form, shape, horizontal lines, etc.
|
feature detectors
|
|
3 types of cones in retina; blue, green, red=primary colors of light
|
trichromatic theory
|
|
red/green, yellow/blue, black/white pairs. explains color blindness and afterimages.
|
opponent-process theory
|
|
height of wave = loudness
|
amplitude
|
|
length of wave = pitch
|
frequency
|
|
sound waves from the right arrive in the right ear before the left ear
|
sound localization
|
|
order in which sound waves travel through the ear
|
ear canal, eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, cochlea
|
|
structure shaped like a snail's shell filled with fluid, where transduction occurs
|
cochlea
|
|
conductive vs. nerve deafness
|
conductive = mechanical problem, nerve = damaged by loud noises
|
|
explains how we experience pain (endorphones swing gate open and messages sent to brain)
|
gate-control theory
|
|
taste buds are located here
|
papillae
|
|
what we taste is combination of both chemical systems
|
taste and smell
|
|
tells us about how our body is positioned
|
vestibular sense
|
|
where our body parts are
|
kinesthetic sense
|
|
smallest amount of stimulus we can detect 50% of the time
|
absolute threshold
|
|
stimulation below threshold
|
subliminal
|
|
smallest amount of change in a stimulus that is detectable
|
difference threshold
|
|
change needs to occur in proportion
|
weber's law
|
|
when we have stimuli happening at the same time we tend to detect the one that is most important to us
|
signal detection theory
|
|
we perceive things by filling in gaps often using background knowledge
|
top-down processing (perception)
|
|
mental representation of how we perceive the world
|
schemata
|
|
a mental predisposition to perceieve one thing and not another
|
perceptual set
|
|
use only the features of objects to perceive
|
bottom-up processing (sensation)
|
|
part of visual image is the figure and part is the background
|
figure ground illusion
|
|
perceptual grouping to make objects meaningful
|
gestalt rules
|
|
objects closer perceived to be grouped
|
proximity
|
|
objects similar in appearance are grouped
|
similarity
|
|
objects with continuous form
|
continuity
|
|
filling in gaps
|
closure
|
|
seeing objects as connected if they meet
|
connectedness
|
|
our ability to maintain a constant perception of an object despite changes in angle, light, distance, etc.
|
constancy
|
|
a series of lights turned on and off at a particular rate appear to be one moving light
|
phi phenomenon
|
|
measures when an infant develops depth perception
|
visual cliff
|
|
require only one eye for depth
|
monocular cues
|
|
railroad tracks being drawn as in the distance
|
linear perspective
|
|
larger=closer (depth cue)
|
relative size
|
|
objects blocking must be closer
|
interposition
|
|
see details=closer (depth cue)
|
texture gradient
|
|
looking at 3-D objects requires both eyes for depth
|
binocular cues
|
|
each eye sees slightly different view of object
|
retinal dispartiy
|
|
as object gets closer to face, moves eyes towards one another
|
convergence
|
|
perceptual illusions dealing with which line is longer
|
muller-lyer illusion
|