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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stress
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The term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging.
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Stressors
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Stress-causing events
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Distress
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Stress from unpleasant/negative stressors
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Eutress |
-Stress from positive events that cause a person to have to adapt/change -The optimal amount of stress people need to promote health and wellbeing |
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Catastrophe |
An unpredictable event that happens on a large scale and creates a great amount of stress and feelings of threat |
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The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SSRS) |
-Created by Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe -Idea that any event that causes people to change, adapt, or adjust their lifestyle causes stress -Negative and positive events both cause people to need to adapt -Measures a person's amount of stress by adding up the total "life change units" associated w/ each major event on the scale (from last 12 months) |
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Correlation b/w SSRS score and risk of illness/accidents |
As the score goes up, so does the risk of having an illness or accident |
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The College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS) |
Version of the SSRS that uses life events more likely to be experienced by college students |
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Hassles |
-Bulk of our stress -Minor frustrations/delays/accidents/annoyances |
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Lazarus & Folkman |
-Developed a "hassle scale" -Includes hassles like "misplacing things" or "troublesome neighbors" -Person rates how much of a hassle each thing was to them (0=didn't happen, or wasn't a hassle) |
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Hassles vs. Major events re: Health |
-Major life events (SSRS score) predicted long term effects on chronic physical and mental health, while hassles (Hassle Scale score) predicted short term illnesses such as headaches, colds, and backaches -Perceived severity of the hassles was a better predictor than the number of hassles |
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Sources of hassles |
-Can be different depending on age/developmental stage -3 to 5 age group: getting teased=biggest daily hassle -6 to 10: getting bad grades -11 to 15: pressure to use drugs -16 to 22: trouble at work/school -Adults: fighting among family members -Elders: lack of money -Old people were more strongly affected by things like going shopping, appointments, and bad weather |
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Pressure |
Urgent demands on a person's behavior from an outside source |
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Control |
The less control a person has over the situation, the greater the stress |
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Rodin and Langer |
-Experimented with people in a nursing home having control over their lives -Those given more control were more active and sociable than the control group |
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Frustration |
Caused when a person is blocked from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need |
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Internal frustrations |
-Also known as 'personal frustrations' -Caused when a goal or need cannot be attained b/c of personal characteristics -Ex. Person wants to be an astronaut but has severe motion sickness |
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Typical responses to frustration |
1). Persistence - try to get around frustration 2). Aggression 3). Displaced aggressive 4). Escape/withdrawal |
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Aggression |
-Actions meant to harm or destroy
-Frequent response to frustration, but rarely the first |
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Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis |
-Early behaviorists -Frustration nearly always precedes aggression, but aggression does not always follow frustration -Frustration creates an internal "readiness to aggress" but aggression will not follow unless certain external cues are present |
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Displaced aggression |
When an aggressive response to frustration is taken out on somebody who is not the cause of the frustrations (Ex. having a bad day and then coming home and yelling at your spouse) |
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Approach-approach conflict |
-A person experiences desires for two goals, each of which are attractive -"Win-win" situation -Not very stressful |
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Avoidance-avoidance conflict |
-Choice b/w two or more goals or events that are unpleasant -"Caught between a rock and a hard place" -Much more stressful |
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Approach-avoidance conflict |
-Only involved one goal/event -Goal/event has both positive and negative aspects -Most stressful of conflict types |
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Double approach-avoidance conflict |
Choice b/w two goals/events, both which have positive and negative aspects |
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Multi |
wesd |