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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
memory
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the process by which we recollect prior experiences and information and skills learned in the past
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episodic memory
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memory of a specific event
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flashbulb memory
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a memory in which we recall events in great detail
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generic memory
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general knowledge that people remember
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procedural memory
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skills, or procedures, you have learned
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encoding
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the translation of information into a form in which it can be stored
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storage
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the maintenance of encoded information over a period of time
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maintenance rehearsal
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repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting it
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elaborative rehearsal
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relating new information to something already well known to make it meaningful
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retrieval
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locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought
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context-dependent memories
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the memories that come back to you when you are in a specific place
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state-dependent memories
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memories that retrieved because the mood in which they were originally encoded is recreated
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tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
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the feeling of knowing something, but not being able to verbalize it
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sensory memory
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first stage of memory. the immediate, initial recording of information that enters through our senses
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iconic memory
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like snapshots. accurate, photographic memories
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eidetic imagery
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the ability to remember visual stimuli over long periods of time (a.k.a. photographic memory)
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echoic memory
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the register where mental traces of sounds, echoes, are held
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short-term memory
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information that remains after sensory memory of an event has faded away
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primacy effect
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the tendency to recall the initial items in a series of items
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recency effect
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the tendency to recall the last items in a series
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chunking
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the organization of items into familiar or manageable units
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interference
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occurs when new information appears in short-term memory and takes the place of what is already there
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long-term memory
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the third and final stage of memory
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schema
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the mental representations that we form of the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge
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recognition
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identifying objects or events that have been encountered before
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relearning
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learning anew information that was once forgotten
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decay
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the fading away of memory
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infantile amnesia
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people's inability to remember events very early in life
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anterograde amnesia
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memory loss from trauma that prevents a person from forming new memories
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retrograde amnesia
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people forget the period leading up to a traumatic event
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