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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cognition
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refers to all mental activities associated with processing, understanding, remembering, and communicating
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Cognitive psychologist
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studies cognition and logical and illogical ways in which we create concepts, solve problems, make decisions and form judgements
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concepts
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mental groupings of similar ojects, events, and people
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heirarchies
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categories in which we organize concept
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prototypes
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a mental image or best example incorporating all features associated with a catagory
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algorithums
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step-by-step procedures that garantee a solution
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heuristics
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simplifying algorithums
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insight
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perceive the solution in sudden flash
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Where in the brain is the location of insight activity
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temporal lobe
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confirmation bias
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"we seek evidence verifying our ideas more eagerly than we seek evidence that might refute them"
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Peter Wason
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(1960) Demonstrated confirmation bias by testing British University students with the 3 number sequence
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Fixation
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the inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective
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functional fixedness
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tendency to think of only the farmiliar functions for an object, w/o imaging other uses.
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representativeness heuristic
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judges likelihood of things in terms of how well the represent particular prototypes
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availability heuristic
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base our judgements on how mentally available information is.
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overconfidence
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a tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgement
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framing
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the way an issue is posed or presented
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belief perserverance
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clinging to ones intiail conceptions after the basis on which they were formed are dicredited
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language
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spoken, written or signed words. most tangible indication of our thinking power.
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babbling stage
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4 months-spontaneously utter sounds
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one-word stage
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1 yr-sounds carry meaning
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two-word stage
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2 yrs-learns a word per day.
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telegraphic speech
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contains mostly nouns and verbs
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B. F. Skinner
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operant learning-explain language development with farmiliar learning principles
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Linguist Noam Chomsky
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Inborn Universal Grammar: language will naturally occur given adequate nurture
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linguistic determination
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different languages impose different conceptions of reality (Linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf)
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bilingual advantage
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Wallace Lambert-better able to inhibit their attention to irrelevant information
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nondeclarative (procedural) memory
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a mental picture of how you do something
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intelligence
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the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt.
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general intelligence
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Charles Spearman-underlies specific mental abilities
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savant syndrome
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limited mental ability, exceptional at one specific skill
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analytical intelligence
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acedemic problem solving
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creative intelligence
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adapting to novel situations with novel ideas
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practical intelligence
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everyday tasks
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creativity
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the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and valuable.
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extpertise
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a well-developed base of knowledge
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imaginative thinking skills
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ability to see things in novel ways
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venturesome personality
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seeks new experiences rather than following the pack
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intrinsic motivation
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motivated primarily by the interest, enjoyment, satisfaction and challenges of the work itself
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creative environment
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supports, sparks, and reifines creative ideas
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emotional intelligence
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1. percieve 2. understand 3. manage 4. use
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intelligence test
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a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes
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mental age
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a measure or intelligence test performance devised be Binet
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Stanford-Binet
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the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test.
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intelligence quotient (IQ)
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mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
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most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests.
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aptitude
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capacity to learn
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acheivement
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what has already been learned.
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standardization
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defining meaningfulscores relative to a pretested group
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normal curve
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symmetrical bell curve
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heritability
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the variation of intelligence test scores attributable to genetic factors
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Girls vs. Boys...who's a better speller?
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Girls!
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Girls vs Boys...who's better at verbal ability? (remembering words)
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Females!
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Who's the winner at nonverbal memory?
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take a guess.......girls DUH!
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Girls vs Boys...more sensitive?
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GIRLS!!!! more attuned to touch, taste and odor
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Who's better at detecting emotions?
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.......duh.
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What is the one thing that boys are better at?
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underacheivement
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girls and boys are equally as good at...
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math
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stereotype threat
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a self-confirming concern that one will be elevated based on a negative stereotype.
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