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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychological Science
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The Study of Mind, Body, and Behavior
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Evolutionary Theory
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A theory that emphasizes the inherited, adaptive value of behavior and mental activity throughout the entire history of a species.
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Natural Selection
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Darwon's theory that those who inherit characteristics that help them adapt to their particular environment have a selective advantage over those who do not.
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Adaptations
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In evolutionary theory, the physical characteristics, skills, or abilities that increase the chances of reproduction or survival and are therefore likely to be passed along to future generations.
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Culture
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The beliefs, values, rules, and customs that exist within a group of people who share a common language and environment and that are transmitted through learning from one generation to the next.
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Nature-Nurture Debate
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The arguments concerning whether psychological characteristics are biologically innate or acquired through education, experience, and culture.
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Mind-Body Problem
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A fundamental psychological issue that considers whether mind and body are separate and distinct or whether the mind is simply the subjective experience of the physical brain.
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Dualism
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The philosophical idea that the mind exists separately from the physical body.
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Introspection
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A systematic examination of subjective mental experience that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts.
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Structuralism
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An approach to psychology based on the idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its basic underlying components or elements.
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Stream of Consciousness
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A phrase coined by Wiliam James to describe one's continuous series of ever-changing thoughts.
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Functionalism
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An approace to psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind and behavior.
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Gestalt Theory
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A theory based on the idea that the whole of personal experience is different from simply the some of its constituentn elements.
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Unconscious
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A term that identifies mental processes that operate below the level of conscious awareness.
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Psycohanalysis
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A method developed by Sigmund Freud that attempts to bring the contents of the unconscious into conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed.
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Behaviorism
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A psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behavior.
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Psychological Scientist
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One who uses the methods of science to study the interplay between brain, mind, and behavior and how the social environment affects these processes.
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Psychological Practitioners
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Those who apply findings from psychological science in order to assist people in their daily lives.
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Critical Thinking
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A systematic way of evaluating information in order to reach reasonable conclusions.
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